chapter 1: subtopics and terms

Question 1

Similarities and Differences in Everyday Life: Drawing Lines

Answer 1

why do we need similarities? Is similarity or difference more important? Are all differences eventually associated with inequality? we see that similarity helps us coexist

Question 2

“Classified” Information: Forming Impressions, Variation Between Groups, Variation Within Groups

Answer 2

tendency to focus on differences that exist between groups (white v poc). this can obscure the differences between indiv with in the same group and obscure similarities of people in different broad groups

Question 3

The Power of “Normal”: All Differences are not Created Equal

Answer 3

your identity and proximity to identities our society defines as normal determines your access to resources and overall life chances

Question 4

Stratification, Power, and Privilege

Answer 4

people categorize others in comparison with themselves, make judgements about those others, then act towards them on the basis of those judgments

Question 5

Theories of Inequality

Answer 5

—“why societies are unequal and stratified”
—“the two main groups of theories regarding stratification: structural-functionalism and conflict theories”

Question 6

Structural-Functionalism

Answer 6

“a theoretical perspective that posits that social institutions are structured to maintain stability and order in society”

Question 7

Conflict Theories

Answer 7

“a theoretical perspective that views the structure of society as a source of inequality, which always benefits some groups at the expense of other groups”

Question 8

Culture

Answer 8

beleifs, language, customs, practices, rules, knowledge, etc

Question 9

Two-ness

Answer 9

Concept of at the point individuals recognize that in order to progress the need to connect themselves to others (marriage and kids)

Question 10

Stereotype

Answer 10

“overgeneralized belief that a certain trait, behavior, or attitude characterizes all members of some identifiable group,”

Question 11

Status inconsistency

Answer 11

occurs when an indiv. societal positions are varied and these variation influence theri overall social status

Question 12

Slum tourism/poorism

Answer 12

Wealthy people visit poor neighborhoods to view impoverished conditions and lifestyle
– like the poor are an amusement park - fascination and dehumanization, even with good intent the subtext is ill

Question 13

Social identity

Answer 13

membership in various social groups

Question 14

Sociological Perspective

Answer 14

“a way of examining everyday social life that emphasizes the interplay between societal forces and personal characteristics in influencing people“s thoughts, actions, feelings, judgments, and interactions”

Question 15

American Dream

Answer 15

someone can gain financial success through hard work

Question 16

Horatio Alger idea

Answer 16

idea that anyone can become rich through hard work

Question 17

Cultural Capital (and types)

Answer 17

“status characteristics that can determine a person“s social opportunities”
— Embodied - knowledge gained by socialization ( EX knowledgeable abt expensive cars)
— Objectified - things/property (EX own expensive cars)
— Institutionalized - formalized recognition (EX wants to an esteemed institution of cars, and gained credentials)

Question 18

stratification

Answer 18

“ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal rewards and life chances”

Question 19

ascribed status

Answer 19

“a social identity or position that we obtain at birth or develop into involuntarily as we get older”

Question 20

achieved status

Answer 20

“a social identity or position that we take on voluntarily or earn through our own efforts or accomplishments”

Question 21

socioeconomic status

Answer 21

“prestige, honor, respect, and power associated with different social class positions in society”

Question 22

false consciousness

Answer 22

ppp in lower strats. accept their position/disadvantages bc they have come to believe that wealth/success are solely products of individual effort

Question 23

power

Answer 23

the ability to influence others and to pursue and achieve ones own goals

Question 24

prestige

Answer 24

the amount of honor and respect ppl receive from others

Question 25

cultural appropriation

Answer 25

a dangerous and dehumanizing form of exploitation in which the customs, looks, and practices of one ethnoracial culture are adopted by members of another

Question 26

Aviciolli, “He Still Defies You” main pt

Question 27

Buck, “Constructing Race, Creating White Privilege” main pt