Chapter 1: Studying Life

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

the scientific study of organisms, living, and fossil.

Question 2

what do all life forms share

Answer 2

-common set of chemical compounds
-cells
-use of molecules from the environment to synthesize new molecules
- extract energy from the environment and use it to do work
- regulate their internal environments
-contain genetic information that enables them to develop, function, and reproduce
- use a universal genetic code to build proteins
- exist in populations that evolve overtime

Question 3

nucleic acids (important for life to evolve)

Answer 3

reproduce themselves and serve as templates for protein synthesis

Question 4

prokaryotes

Answer 4

for a few billion years, all organisms were single cells called ____

Question 5

what are the two main groups of prokaryotes

Answer 5

Bacteria and Archea

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

contains genetic information

Question 7

photosynthesis

Answer 7

transforms sunlight energy into chemical energy

Question 8

organisms must acquire nutrients from their

Answer 8

environment

Question 9

homeostasis

Answer 9

maintenance of the narrow range of conditions in the internal environment known as

Question 10

self-regulation to maintain a constant internal environment

Answer 10

is a general attribute of all life

Question 11

genes

Answer 11

Gregor Mendel showed that inherited traits exist in discrete units which were later termed

Question 12

genome

Answer 12

sum total of all the DNA molecules in an organism

Question 13

populations

Answer 13

groups of individuals of the same species that interbreed

Question 14

artificial selection

Answer 14

human use selective breeding of plants and animals to obtain desired traits

Question 15

natural selection

Answer 15

darwin proposed that the same process could operate in nature

Question 16

binomial (genus and species)

Answer 16

each species has a distinct scientific name (example Homo sapiens)

Question 17

genus

Answer 17

group of species that share a recent common ancestor

Question 18

scientific investigation

Answer 18

are based on observation, experimentation, data analysis, and logic

Question 19

observation

Answer 19

has been improved by new technologies

Question 20

comparative experiment

Answer 20

compare data gathered from population that differ in multiple ways

Question 21

enclosure of biological molecules

Answer 21

by membranes made of fatty acids

Question 22

eukarya

Answer 22

have membrane-enclosed organelles, emerged much later

Question 23

cyanobacteria

Answer 23

cells similar to prokaryotes

Question 24

in some eukaryotes

Answer 24

cells stayed together and some became specialized for different functions

Question 25

cell specialization

Answer 25

allowed multicellular organisms to get larger and become more efficient at gathering resources and adapting to specific environments

Question 26

metabolize those nutrients

Answer 26

to gain energy

Question 27

what can energy be stored as

Answer 27

fat

Question 28

what must organisms regulate

Answer 28

their internal environment

Question 29

discovery of DNA

Answer 29

and how it works in the mid-1900s transformed biological science

Question 30

evolution

Answer 30

results in change in the genetic makeup of populations over time (major unifying principle of biology)

Question 31

if populations are isolated and evolve differences

Answer 31

they are eventually considered different species

Question 32

information or data

Answer 32

must be quantified using mathematical and statistical methods

Question 33

controlled experiments

Answer 33

manipulate one factor while holding other variables constant

Question 34

things biology has done

Answer 34

• is the basis of medical practice
• helps us understand diseases and their causes, and developed treatments
• many scientific advances that contribute to human welfare also raise ethical issues
• can inform public policy
• modern agriculture depends on it
• current research to develop crops resistant to drought or flooding may help mitigate climate change