Chapter 1 - Stoichiometry Flashcards
What is a mole?
Amount of a substance that contains 6.02 x 10^23 particles
What is Avogadro’s number?
6.02 x 10^23
What is the relative molecular mass?
(Mr)
Mass of a molecule compared to C-12
What is the molar mass?
(M)
Mass of 1 mole of any substance in g/mol
How do you get mass from moles?
m=nM
How do you get number of particles from moles?
N=nL
What is the molecular formula?
The number and types of atoms in a molecule
What is the empirical formula?
The lowest ratio of number and type of atoms in a compound
What is %composition by mass?
The abundance of a substance in a compound by mass
How do you find %composition?
1) Formula
2) Experiment
What is a word equation?
ie.
solid copper + an aqueous solution of silver (I) nitrate -> solid silver + aqueous copper (II) nitrate
What is a balanced chemical equation?
ie.
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) -> 2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
What are subscripts in chemical equations?
(s) - solid
(l) - melted
(g) - gas
(aq) - dissolved in water
(al) - dissolved in alcohol
What is a stoichiometric coefficient?
The coefficient added before a molecule to balance the equation
What is an ionic equation?
All aqueous ionic materials break into ions
ie.
Cu(s) + 2Ag(aq) + 2NO3(aq) -> 2Ag(s) + Cu(s) + 2NO3(aq)
What is a net ionic equation?
Spectator ions are removed
ie.
Cu(s) + 2Ag(aq) -> 2Ag(s) + Cu(aq)
What is a single displacement reaction?
Non-metal: AB + C -> AC + B
Metal: AB + C -> CB + A
What is a double displacement reaction?
AB + CD -> CB + AD
What is a synthesis reaction?
A + B -> AB
What is a decomposition reaction?
AB -> A + B
Catalyst goes under arrow
What is a combustion reaction?
Combustion of a fuel produces oxides of elements in the fuel
ie.
CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O
What is theoretical yield?
The max amount predicted by gravimetric stoichiometry
What is experimental yield?
The actual amount obtained experimentaly
How do you calculate %yield?
%yield = exp/theory x 100%
