chapter 1 - states of matter Flashcards
*describe how particles in a solid are arranged:
fixed, regular pattern.
*describe how particles in a liquid are arranged:
irregular, random pattern.
*describe how particles in a gas are arranged:
random, indefinite pattern.
*describe the particle separation in solids:
closely packed.
*describe the particle separation in liquids:
fairly apart.
*describe the particle separation in gases:
far apart.
*describe the forces of attraction in solids:
strong forces of attraction
*describe the forces of attraction in liquids:
weaker forces of attraction
*describe the forces of attraction in gases:
negligible forces of attraction/ none
*describe the movement of particles in a solid:
vibrate about fixed position.
*describe the movement of particles in a liquid:
collide and slid past each other slowly.
*describe the movement of particles in a gas:
move quickly and freely in all directions.
collide with each other and with the walls of their container.
describe shape and volume of solids:
fixed shape and volume.
describe shape and volume of liquids:
shape is not fixed, as it takes the shape of its container.
fixed volume.
describe shape and volume of gases:
shape is not fixed, as it expands to fill out its container and can be compressed.
volume also not fixed.
why do solids, liquids and gases have different physical properties?
because of the difference in how their particles are arranged.
*what is meant by:
Brownian motion
the random movement of particles in a liquid or gas produced by large numbers of collisions with smaller, often invisible particles.
particles follow a random zigzag, jagged path.
*state evidence for Brownian motion:
the observed jerky and erratic motion of smoke particles as they are hit by unseen molecules in the air, which can be seen under a microscope.
*what does the observation of Brownian motion also prove?
it is used as evidence for the kinetic particle model of matter.
*describe and explain/ define:
diffusion
the process in which particles mix by colliding randomly with each other and bouncing off in all directions.
Particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until they are evenly mixed.
*describe and explain the dependence of rate of diffusion on molecular mass:
lighter gas particles travel faster.
At the same temperature, different gases do not diffuse at the same rate.
This is due to the difference in their relative molecular masses.
*describe how temperature of a gas affects the motion of its particles:
when you heat a gas in a closed container, its pressure increases.
particle take in the neat energy and change it to KE and start moving faster.
(faster diffusion)
*describe how pressure of a gas affects the motion of its particles:
when you compress a gas, its pressure increases.
particles are closer together so more successful collisions take place.
(faster diffusion)
