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SS PA1 revision > Chapter 1 -Southeast Asia > Flashcards

Chapter 1 -Southeast Asia Flashcards

Memorise for PA!

1
Q

Where does Southeast Asia lie?

A

Southeast Asia lies on the south of India, East of China and North of Australia surrounded by the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean on the West and the Pacific Ocean on the East.

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2
Q

How many countries are there in Southeast Asia?

A

There are 11

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3
Q

What are 11 countries Southeast Asia?

A

Brunei Darussalam. Cambodia,Timor Leste, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam,Laos ,The Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore

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4
Q

How many people approximately live in Southeast Asia?

A

More than 540 million people approximately live in Southeast Asia

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5
Q

How is South East Asia divided?

A

Southeast Asia is divided into two
a) Mainland Southeast Asia
b)Islands Southeast Asia

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6
Q

What is the mainland Southeast Asia linked to and what countries are apart from it?

A

Mainland Southeast Asia which is linked to Asia Mainland, and includes, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and West Malaysia

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7
Q

What countries are in the Islands Southeast Asia?

A

Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, The Philippines, Singapore, Timor Leste and East Malaysia.

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8
Q

What is the name of the island groups and approximately how many islands are there?

A

The name of the island groups is called ‘Archipelagos’ and there are more than 25,000 islands in Total

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9
Q

What did the western powers come to Southeast Asia for?

A

They came for profit, trade and colonising.

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10
Q

What is the definition of colonialism?

A

A time and system where some western countries took over or influenced many territories around the world

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11
Q

What are colonies?

A

countries ruled by more powerful countries who have placed governments there.

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12
Q

Who were the first countries to arrive in S.E.A

A

Portugal and spain

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13
Q

What spices were found in Maluku islands

A

Nutmeg and cloves

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14
Q

What did the English and dutch organise themselves as?

A

The British east India company and Dutch V.O.C

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15
Q

What were the spices found in Southeast Asia?

A

Cinnamon, Ginger, cloves, pepper, turmeric, Nutmeg.

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16
Q

When did the Portuguese conquer Malacca and what did they build? What was it called?

A

The Portuguese conquered Malacca in 1511 and built a fort called the ‘Formosa’

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17
Q

What is industrial revolution?

A

Rapid major change in an economy marked by the general introduction of power-driven Machinery

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18
Q

What countries were colonised by the French in S.E.A

A

The French colonized Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.

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19
Q

What raw materials were needed in industrial revolution?

A

Rubber,Tin, iron and oil

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20
Q

Who were the axis powers?

A

Germany Italy and Japan

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21
Q

Who were the allies?

A

the USA, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union

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22
Q

When did the world war take place

A

Between 1939-1945

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23
Q

What were the tactics they used to expand their territories?

A

Japan italy and Germany used threats, bullying tactics and invasions

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24
Q

When did they form the three party pact and what did the call themselves and what was the purpose of this pact?

A

They formed it in 1940 and called themselves the axis powers the pact was formed ti try to create a new political order in Europe and Asia

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25
Who are the three political leaders?
Adolf Hitler - military and political leader of Germany from 1933-1945 Benito Mussolini- Leader of Italy from 1922-1943 Hideki Tojo- War minister in 1940 and Japans prime minister from 1941-1944
26
What did Germany and the Soviet Union sign and what did they agree on?
In 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression treaty and agreed to secretly invade Poland
27
When did Germany invade Poland?
They invaded Poland in September 1939.
28
Why did the British and French feel the need to declare war?
They felt that it was the only way to prevent future aggression
29
When did the Japanese invade china?
They invaded china in 1937
30
What gave an opportunity for the Japanese to invade the French Indochina?
in 1940, When France and holland were defeated by German invaders, Japan took the opportunity to invade the French Indochinaand began to make plans for war in Southeast Asia.
31
What was the propaganda used by the Japanese to win the support of the people?
The term 'Asia for Asians' was used to win the support of the people and the slogan 'Greater East Asia co-prosperity sphere'
32
Which were the countries Japan wanted to include other than southeast asian countries?
Apart from Southeast Asian countries Japan wanted to include, Australia, New Zealand, China and India
33
What did the usa do to Japan in 1941?
They stopped all trade with Japan in July 1941
34
What happened on 7th December 1941?
On 7, December 1941 Japan attacked the American Naval base at pearl harbour in Hawaii. At the same time, The Philippines, Hong Kong, Malaya and the Pacific Islands of Midway wake and Guam were also attacked without warning. So while the war was going on in Europe, Japanese aggression had caused the start of the Second World War in Southeast Asia and the pacific.
35
When did the Japanese troops land, How many of them were there and where did they land?
The Japanese troops landed in Kuala Belait on the 16th of December 1941 and 10,000 Japanese troops landed.
36
What did they do as soon as they landed?
They seized control of oil resources there
37
Before the British left what did they do?
They destroyed as much oil equipment they could and filled oil wells with concrete so that the Japanese could not use them.
38
Within how many days did the Japanese occupy brunei?
They occupied Brunei within 6 days
39
Where was the British residents and Europeans imprisoned?
They were imprisoned in Batu Lintang camp in Kuching
40
How did the Japanese divide borneo and into how many?
The Japanese divide borneo into 5 prefectures included Baram, Labuan, Lawas, Limbang.
41
How did Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin and the Brunei ruling class respond to the Japanese occupation?
They had no choice but to cooperate with the Japanese to meet the needs of Brunei’s citizens. However, the Sultan was given only a small pension and had little to do with the Japanese government.
42
Who was Enche Ibrahim bin Mohammad, and what was his role during the Japanese occupation?
He was the Secretary to the British Resident before the war and was later appointed as Chief Administrative Officer, acting under a Japanese governor. While working for the Japanese, he secretly saved important documents to prevent them from falling into enemy hands.
43
How did Bruneian government officers adapt to the Japanese occupation?
They remained in their positions and tried to maintain an effective administration despite the difficult conditions under Japanese rule.
44
What hardships did Bruneians face during the Japanese occupation?
Many citizens suffered from a lack of food and illnesses. Some also endured cruel treatment from the Japanese. To survive, many moved into the interior regions to grow crops for their families.
45
What infrastructure did the Japanese build in Brunei for military purposes?
The Japanese built an airport at Berakas for military use and used the Miri port as a naval base for their warships.
46
What was Japan’s primary interest in Brunei during the occupation?
Japan was more interested in extracting resources for their war effort than attending to the needs of the Bruneian people. They focused on obtaining oil from the oilfields and increasing food cultivation to support their war.
47
What is nipponisation?
it is when The Japanese imposed their way of life and culture on Brunei
48
Give examples on Nipponisation
A) All the buildings had to fly the Japanese flag B) The Japanese calendar was adopted C) They had to learn Japanese in school D) The Japanese government issued dollar known as banana money E)Everyone had to bow to the national anthem and army officers
49
Who were the kempetai?
The Japanese military police are called kempetai they were greatly feared and they arrested anyone they suspected of opposing Japanese rule.
50
How did the Japanese gain support from the Bruneian?
They introduced youth exchange programmes and a number of Bruneians were sent to Japan fro education and training
51
What happened to the Axis powers in Europe in the early 1940s?
The axis powers in Europe were weakening
52
When was Britain able to stand up against the Axis powers alone?
Between 1940 and 1941.
53
What advantage did the Allies gain when Britain stood against the Axis powers alone?
It gave the Allies a chance of victory.
54
During which years were the Allies able to defeat many German armies?
Between 1943 and 1945.
55
What city did the Allies move towards after defeating German armies?
They moved towards Berlin
56
Where did the Nazi Germany make their last stand?
They made their last stand in Berlin
57
What happened on the 30th of April 1945
The Soviet Union and the US troops were fighting on against the Germans in Berlin
58
Which leader committed suicide and why?
Realising the final defeat of Germany by the allied forces, Hitler committed suicide to avoid capture.
59
When did the world war end?
War finally ended on 7th May 1945 when the German army surrendered unconditionally.
60
When did the Allied forces begin bombing Brunei Bay and Labuan?
The Allied forces started bombing Brunei Bay and Labuan regularly from 1943 onwards to weaken Japanese control.
61
: When did the Australian army land in Brunei, and what was their goal?
The Australian army landed at Muara Beach and Labuan on June 10, 1945, supported by US air and naval units, with the goal of liberating Borneo from Japanese occupation.
62
Why did the Australian forces face little resistance when advancing into Brunei Town?
Most of the Japanese forces had fled into the interior or were concentrated in Labuan, leading to minimal resistance in Brunei Town.
63
Within how many days were we liberated?
Within 3 days Brunei town was liberated on 13th June 1945
64
Who rebuilt Brunei?
The B.M.A (British Military Administration )
65
Who was appointed as the first post war British resident?
W.J Peel was appointed the first post-war resident
66
Which parts of Japan bombed
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
67
Why and when did Japan surrender?
Japan surrendered in August 1945, they surrendered because two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the allied forces. this ended the entire world war

SS PA1 revision (2 decks)

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