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Social 9 > Chapter 1 Social 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Social 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What does govern mean?

A

To make decisions as a government and put them into action

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2
Q

What does governance mean?

A

The process of governing

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3
Q

What does government mean?

A

The people with power to make decisions for a society

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4
Q

What 3 branches makes up the federal system of Canada?

A

The Executive Branch, The legislative branch and the judicial branch

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5
Q

When did Canada become a country?

A

In 1867

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6
Q

What is Canada’s Constitution?

A

Canada’s constitution is the law that describes governance in Canada. It sets out the role of the governor general and the 3 branches of government. The constitution also sets out other important stuff such as our rights and freedoms. Most of Canada’s law and governance falls under the constitution, it’s like a rule book.

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7
Q

Who represents the monarch of Britain in Canada?

A

The governor general

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8
Q

Does the king/queen play an active role in Canada’s government?

A

No, The royals are the formal head of state but doesn’t play an active role.

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9
Q

The governor general & Britain’s monarch is part of what branches of government?

A

Executive and Legislative branches of Canada

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10
Q

Who is the Executive branch composed of?

A

The Prime Minister & The Cabinet: The cabinet are ministers of insert topic/issue

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11
Q

If the prime minister wants a new law, what do they do first?

A

Convince the rest of the cabinet why it’s a good idea

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12
Q

Who appoints/chooses the cabinet ministers?

A

The prime minster gets to choose who appoints the cabinet

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13
Q

What is the role of the Executive branch?

A

They’re responsible for putting laws into action

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14
Q

How do you become prime minister?

A

You must be elected leader of a political party and then you must be elected a member of parliament. Then the party you lead must win the most seats/votes in the house of commons. So the rest of the PM’s political party must get more seats than any other party

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15
Q

What does the cabinet belong to?

A

They belong to the leading political part in the house of commons and are MP’s or senators

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16
Q

What does the PM decide for the cabinet?

A

What portfolio’s (agencies/departments/area of issue) to include and what ministers are in charge of it. The ministers are chose from the same political part as the PM and are from the H of C or senate

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17
Q

The cabinet proposes what?

A

The cabinet proposes most the idea that become laws

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18
Q

The PM and the cabinet run the day-to-day business of government, true or false?

A

True

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19
Q

Who is the legislative branch composed of?

A

Members of Parliament (MP’s), Senators and the Governor General

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20
Q

What is another name for the legislative branch?

A

The legislative branch is also called Canada’s Parliament

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21
Q

What does the legislative branch do?

A

They revise the bill/idea for a law 3 times, request minor changes to the bill and then approve it. That’s how it becomes a law

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22
Q

What/Who is Canada’s major law making body in the federal system?

A

The house of commons

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23
Q

What do the members of the H of C do?

A

They debate, study and vote on bills to be passed as laws

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24
Q

What are the members of the house of commons called?

A

Members of Parliament (MP’s)

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25
Q

How do they become MP’s

A

They are elected by constituents in their ridings and MP’s represent their ridings

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26
Q

What are constituents and ridings?

A

Constituents are just citizens and ridings are the section of a state/city; A district

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27
Q

What forms the government?

A

The party with the most MP’s/seats; the opposing parties are the opposition

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28
Q

Representation in the house of commons is by population, true or false?

A

True

29
Q

What 2 languages are the proceedings of the legislative branch in?

A

French and English

30
Q

What forms a majority government?

A

When the political party wins the majority of seats (more than 50%) in the house of commons; so the people in the political party must be elected by their constituents to win a seat in the H of C

31
Q

What forms a minority government?

A

When the political party wins the most seats but not the majority (less than 50% that it’s almost equal to another party). The party would have to negotiate with another party to support them to get votes on ideas. Otherwise all the other parties can band together and create a minority government

32
Q

What do MP’s do in the commons chamber?

A

They debate and vote on bills as well as representing their constituents views and needs

33
Q

What are the MP’s 2 key responsibilities?

A

To represent the people in their riding (constituents) and to create legislation for peace, order and good government/ Debate, vote & pass bills

34
Q

What is popular vote?

A

The total votes cast in an election compared to how many total seats were won; The total support/votes a political party wins during an election

35
Q

How many ridings there are depends on how many people there are; the higher the population, the more ridings there will be

A

:)

36
Q

How are senators chosen?

A

They’re appointed by the prime minister not elected and they senators tend to be part of the PM’s political party

37
Q

What do senators represent/do?

A

They represent minorities and regions.

38
Q

How long do senators stay in position?

A
  • Until they’re 75, retire or die; the PM can also choose to remove senator if they aren’t abiding the rules or something
39
Q

In 1867, the constitution identified 3 regions for senate and they are:

A

The Maritimes, Ontario and Quebec

40
Q

What does “sober second thought” mean and who gives it

A

It means careful reconsideration and the senate gives careful reconsideration to all bills/legislation proposed for Canada; This means senators provide a second round of study, debate and voting on laws proposed for Canada.

41
Q

Can the senate propose laws?

A

They can propose laws but usually only considers bills passed by the H of C first

42
Q

What types of laws can’t the senate propose

A

Laws that create or spend taxes

43
Q

What power does the senate have?

A

To reject bills from the H of C but they rarely use this power

44
Q

How does a bill become a law

A

The bill is proposed by the PM or executive branch and then passed onto the house of commons to be revised 3 times. They can propose minor changes or can reject a bill. If they reject a bill, you can try again later. But if it’s approved after revising 3 times, it’s then passed onto the senate to approve or make minor changes and then once approved by the senate, it goes to the governor general who gives it royal assent and it becomes the law.

45
Q

How many seats does the H of C and the senate have? What is the difference?

A

The H of C has 208 seats and the senate has 105. Regions with higher populations have more seats in the H of C. Canada’s constitution defines the regions for appointing senators

46
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the senate?

A

Advantages: Job security and balance between parties because new PM can’t appoint entire new senate, Gives voices to regions and minorities, Has experience

Disadvantages: Representation is regional therefore won’t have as many seats as H of C, You can’t get rid of incompetent senators, Is appointed and not elected

47
Q

How does the judicial branch stop a law?

A

They can strike down laws if they violate Canada’s constitution

48
Q

What is the judicial branch and who does it include?

A

Includes Canada’s court of law. All 9 judges come from legal profession and from 4 different regions

49
Q

What is the highest court in Canada and what’s its job?

A

The supreme court of Canada and it has the final word on all legal questions in the country including questions about rules for applying/making laws

50
Q

What does the judicial branch do?

A

They interpret and apply the law (constitution) by making legal judgements. They have the responsibility of making sure the rights of Canadians are respected

51
Q

Who appoint the judges?

A

The PM and cabinet could before but now they also have to go through a review from the MP’s

52
Q

What is the federal accountability act?

A

It was passed because issues raised. The issues were:
- responsible and accountable spending by government

  • Protection for government employees who “blow the whistle” on wrongdoing within Canada’s civil service.
  • More information about the activities of lobbyists. Lobbyists are people paid to represent the interests of particular groups in society.
53
Q

Who is the watchdog for government spending for parliament and the people of Canada?

A

The auditor general

54
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Being forced to become part of a different cultural group that’s not your own

55
Q

What is the BNA act and who did it not acknowledge?

A

The BNA (British North America) act was Canada’s original constitution and it didn’t acknowledge the rights of aboriginal peoples

56
Q

The BNA act:

A
  • Did not acknowledge First Nations as independent, sovereign peoples with their own forms of government
  • Did not mention the Inuit or Metis at all

Since Confederation, Aboriginal peoples have successfully campaigned for the inclusion of their rights in Canada’s constitution, but many continue to feel excluded from Canada’s political system.

57
Q

Who are the watchdogs of the government?

A

Auditor general: Monitors and reports Gov spending

Media: Reports and monitors Gov actions

Official Opposition: Critiques government decisions

Constituents: Observes Gov actions and holds them accountable by voting

58
Q

Fact*

A

The media don’t just report the news. They influence our personal understanding of the world and how it works. All media messages are created by people who interpret the facts and make choices about how to tell the story. When a story is repeated in the media, it begins to affect what happens next.

59
Q

What do journalists do?

A

They make decisions about what new stories to cover and who’s perspective to include

60
Q

What is the parliament press gallery?

A

It’s an association of reporters who cover the decisions and actions of Canada’s government. The Press Gallery includes about 350 reporters from media outlets across Canada

61
Q

6 examples of the parliament press gallery are:

A 
Aboriginal People's Television Network
Association De La Presse Francophone
CBC/Radio - Canada
Le Devoir 
Ming Pao News
Omni Television
62
Q

What is Bias?

A

An opinion based on unchallenged assumptions; Bias is a type of thinking rooted in a person’s point of view.

63
Q

Who are lobbyists?

A

Someone hired by a group/company to influence MP’s and government officials

64
Q

Who must lobbyists register with and why?

A

They must register with a commissioner of lobbyists so everyone in Canada can know who they are and who they represent

65
Q

What do lobbyists do?

A

They voice the views of groups on issues that affect
their members, products or services. These issues can also affect all Canadians. Lobbyists provide
different perspectives and in-depth expertise on many issues. They persuade the government to pass laws that favor their organization

66
Q

What did the Federal Accountability Act do for lobbyists?

A

It introduced rules that required them to document which MP’s and government officials they met with

67
Q

What are some examples of Lobbyist groups?

A

MADD, tobacco companies

68
Q

How do lobbyists influence government decision making?

A

Through meetings and sometimes funding campaigns

Social 9 (5 decks)

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