Chapter 1 - Settlements Flashcards
What is a settlement ?
Places where people live. Any form of human habitation
How is settlement created
When people move to an area and begin to change the natural environment to suit their needs
What type of activities does rural and urban settlements do ?
Name these activities and what they mean
Rural - primary activities (natural resources used to create raw materials)
Urban - secondary (raw materials are processed into useful products) and tertiary activities (selling and distribution of manufactured goods and services)
What is the site of settlement
The actual piece of ground where the settlement is located
Factors that affect the site of the settlement (7)
Fresh water supply Fertile, flat land Ground above flood line Defense Trade and communication Building materials Fuel supply
What is a rural settlement
Where people live off land. Primary activities are the main activities
What is the difference between unifunctional and multifunctional
Uni - one main activity or function
Multi - more then 1
Name 3 settlement patterns and what they are
Dispersed - no obvious center. Spread over fertile land
Linear - grow along a road or coastline
Uncleated - clustered and often form at crossroads
When does uncleated occur
Soil is good - people only need a small piece of land
Resources need to be shared
Live together to defend themselves
Cultural traditions
Dispersed occur when ?
Enough resources
Factors that affect what type of settlements (5)
Water supply Type of activities Cultural traditions Shape of land Political system
Advantages and disadvantages of uncleated
Advantages No boredom Share ideas Traveling is easier Safety Access to basic commodities
Disadvantages Farmlands are scattered and small Might disagree on ideas Waste time walking Little mechanisation Less chance for entrepreneurial ideas
Advantages and disadvantages of dispersed settlements
Advantages: Own farm Own decisions Single holding Maximum use of machinery Greater profit
Disadvantages: Little social contact Safety is threatened Travel great distances Boredom
Types of settlements (4)
Farming - main occupation (producing food from the land)
Mining - develop where people are making a living
Forestry - people plant forests to supply wood
Fishing - fishing villages along the coast
What is rural depopulation
When people leave the rural area and move to live in cities or towns
Name the push factors
Drought and floods
Poor services
Lack of infrastructure
Lack of jobs
Name the pull factors
More exciting
Better services
More infrastructure
More job opportunities
What is urbanization
Growth of the urban area
What is break of bulk point
Whee modes of transport change
CBD (6)
Economic centre of city Businesses and shops Buildings are densely packed together and vertical Highest number of people and cars Rent is high All transport routes converge here
Transition zone (3)
Area surrounding the CBD
Houses, flags, businesses, warehouses
Buildings which have fallen into disrepair
Residential zones
High income (4)
Middle (3)
Low (4)
High - large, expensive with many facilities
Far from CBD
Own transport
Estates (security and scenery)
Middle - between high and low
Medium in size ( range in facilities)
Access public transport
Low- small and affordable
Close to the CBD
Small houses, flats or blocks
Densely packed with little space for gardens
Industrial zones
Light (4)
Heavy (6)
Light - less space, noise and pollution
Printers or clothes manufacturers
Closer to the CBD
Small vehicles
Heavy - large, flat land Lots of noise and pollution Far from CBD ( land is cheaper) Car manufacturers Transport is large (big roads) Rely on national roads and rail routes
Decentralized shopping centers and office parks (6)
Outskirts of residential areas
More accessible
Land is cheaper (parking)
People like it because more accessible and less traffic
Cleaner and safer then the CBD
Office are moving there - expand, parking
