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Geography > Chapter 1 - Settlements > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Settlements Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a settlement ?

A

Places where people live. Any form of human habitation

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2
Q

How is settlement created

A

When people move to an area and begin to change the natural environment to suit their needs

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3
Q

What type of activities does rural and urban settlements do ?

Name these activities and what they mean

A

Rural - primary activities (natural resources used to create raw materials)

Urban - secondary (raw materials are processed into useful products) and tertiary activities (selling and distribution of manufactured goods and services)

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4
Q

What is the site of settlement

A

The actual piece of ground where the settlement is located

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5
Q

Factors that affect the site of the settlement (7)

A 
Fresh water supply
Fertile, flat land 
Ground above flood line
Defense
Trade and communication 
Building materials
Fuel supply
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6
Q

What is a rural settlement

A

Where people live off land. Primary activities are the main activities

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7
Q

What is the difference between unifunctional and multifunctional

A

Uni - one main activity or function

Multi - more then 1

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8
Q

Name 3 settlement patterns and what they are

A

Dispersed - no obvious center. Spread over fertile land

Linear - grow along a road or coastline

Uncleated - clustered and often form at crossroads

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9
Q

When does uncleated occur

A

Soil is good - people only need a small piece of land

Resources need to be shared

Live together to defend themselves

Cultural traditions

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10
Q

Dispersed occur when ?

A

Enough resources

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11
Q

Factors that affect what type of settlements (5)

A 
Water supply
Type of activities
Cultural traditions 
Shape of land
Political system
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12
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of uncleated

A 
Advantages 
No boredom 
Share ideas
Traveling is easier 
Safety
Access to basic commodities 
Disadvantages
Farmlands are scattered and small
Might disagree on ideas
Waste time walking
Little mechanisation
Less chance for entrepreneurial ideas
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13
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of dispersed settlements

A 
Advantages:
Own farm
Own decisions
Single holding
Maximum use of machinery
Greater profit
Disadvantages:
Little social contact 
Safety is threatened
Travel great distances
Boredom
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14
Q

Types of settlements (4)

A

Farming - main occupation (producing food from the land)

Mining - develop where people are making a living

Forestry - people plant forests to supply wood

Fishing - fishing villages along the coast

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15
Q

What is rural depopulation

A

When people leave the rural area and move to live in cities or towns

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16
Q

Name the push factors

A

Drought and floods
Poor services
Lack of infrastructure
Lack of jobs

17
Q

Name the pull factors

A

More exciting
Better services
More infrastructure
More job opportunities

18
Q

What is urbanization

A

Growth of the urban area

19
Q

What is break of bulk point

A

Whee modes of transport change

20
Q

CBD (6)

A 
Economic centre of city
Businesses and shops
Buildings are densely packed together and vertical
Highest number of people and cars
Rent is high
All transport routes converge here
21
Q

Transition zone (3)

A

Area surrounding the CBD
Houses, flags, businesses, warehouses
Buildings which have fallen into disrepair

22
Q

Residential zones
High income (4)
Middle (3)
Low (4)

A

High - large, expensive with many facilities
Far from CBD
Own transport
Estates (security and scenery)

Middle - between high and low
Medium in size ( range in facilities)
Access public transport

Low- small and affordable
Close to the CBD
Small houses, flats or blocks
Densely packed with little space for gardens

23
Q

Industrial zones
Light (4)
Heavy (6)

A

Light - less space, noise and pollution
Printers or clothes manufacturers
Closer to the CBD
Small vehicles

Heavy - large, flat land 
Lots of noise and pollution
Far from CBD ( land is cheaper)
Car manufacturers 
Transport is large (big roads)
Rely on national roads and rail routes
24
Q

Decentralized shopping centers and office parks (6)

A

Outskirts of residential areas
More accessible
Land is cheaper (parking)
People like it because more accessible and less traffic
Cleaner and safer then the CBD
Office are moving there - expand, parking

25
Q

Rural-urban fridge (4)

A

Edge of urban area, joins rural
Services that need space, make noise or impact people
Rural and urban activities mix
Zone of change

26
Q

Why is the concentric zone model good and why is it bad

A

Good - simple to understand

Bad - not allow any circle for industry or look at the effect of transport routes

27
Q

Why is the sector theory model good

A

Considered transport routes and industry

28
Q

Why is the multiple nuclei model good

A

Modern, incorporates the idea of industrial parks and CBD

29
Q

Sea transport
Good (3)
Bad (2)

A

Good -
Fairly cheap
Large items in bulk
Large distances

Bad -
Goods need to be secured
Long time

30
Q

Advantages of containers (5)

A 
Variety of goods can be loaded
Can be packed quickly onto ships
Strong and prevent damage
Locked and sealed which prevent theft 
Fit easily on trains and trucks
31
Q

Air transport
Good (3)
Bad (2)

A

Good -
Large distances
Safe for fragile or valuable items
Shot time

Bad -
Fairly expensive
Not suitable for large and bulky items

32
Q

Road transport
Good (4)
Bad (1)

A 
Good -
Short to large distances 
Safe for a variety of goods (not easily stolen)
Shorter time then rail or sea
Small or bulky items
Bad-
Fairly expensive (fuel and drivers wages)
33
Q

Rail transport
Good (3)
Bad (2)

A

Good -
Fairly low cost
Large distances
Large items in vast quantities

Bad -
Goods can be stolen or damaged
Long time

34
Q

Pipelines
Good (5)
Bad (1)

A 
Good -
Cheap to run
Large distances
Safe for important resources
Vast quantities
Short time without man power

Bad -
Expensive to build

35
Q

Terminals (5)

A

Durban container terminal

Point multi purpose terminal

Durban car terminal

The maydon wharf terminal

Island view oil terminal

36
Q 
Urban problems (6)
And say why each is a problem
A

Informal settlements

Pollution

Tragic congestion

Overcrowding of services

Inadequate infrastructure

Lack of jobs

Geography (2 decks)

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