Chapter 1- Self Esteem

Question 1

Affect

Answer 1

A person’s affect is the expression of emotion or feelings displayed to others through facial expressions, hand gestures, voice tone, and other emotional signs such as laughter or tears.

Question 2

Antidepressants

Answer 2

drugs are used to alleviate the symptoms of depression and are also sometimes used to treat other psychological disorders, including anxiety disorders, seasonal affective disorder, and some eating disorders.

Question 3

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 3

also known as psychopathy, sociopathy, dissocial personality disorder, or dyssocial personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a diagnosis applied to persons who routinely behave with little or no regard for the rights, safety, or feelings of others.

Question 4

Anxiety/ anxiety disorders

Answer 4

are a group of mental disturbances characterized by anxiety as a central or core symptom. Although anxiety is a commonplace experience, not everyone who experiences it has an anxiety disorder.

Question 5

Apathy

Answer 5

can be defined as an absence or suppression of emotion, feeling, concern or passion. Apathy is an indifference to things generally found to be exciting or moving.

Question 6

Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder

Answer 6

(ADHD) is a chronic developmental disorder characterized by attention problems, including distractibility, hyperactivity, impulsive behaviors, and the inability to remain focused on tasks or activities.

Question 7

Autism

Answer 7

is a complex developmental disorder distinguished by difficulties with social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and behavioral problems, including repetitive behaviors and narrow focus of interest.

Question 8

Behavior Therapy- or Behavior modification

Answer 8

is an empirically based psychological treatment approach founded on the principles of operant conditioning. The goal is to replace undesirable behaviors with more desirable ones through positive or negative reinforcement of adaptive behavior.

Question 9

Biofeedback

Answer 9

or applied psychophysiological feedback is a patient-guided treatment that teaches an individual to control muscle tension, pain, body temperature, brain waves, and other bodily functions and processes through relaxation, visualization, and other cognitive control techniques.

Question 10

Bipolar disorder

Answer 10

formerly known as manic depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by severe and unusual chang

Question 11

Body image

Answer 11

is a mental opinion or description that individuals have of their own physical appearance. It is a subjective concept, based on comparisons to socially constructed standards or ideals.

Question 12

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Answer 12

is an action-oriented form of psychosocial therapy that assumes that maladaptive, or faulty, thinking patterns cause maladaptive behavior and negative emotions. The treatment focuses on changing individuals’ thoughts (cognitive patterns) in order to change their behavior and emotional state.

Question 13

Delusion/Delusional Disorders

Answer 13

is a psychotic condition characterized by recurrent or persistent non-bizarre delusions, without other obvious symptoms of mental illness. Delusions are false beliefs, based on a mistaken interpretation of reality.

Question 14

Depression

Answer 14

is the general name for a family of illnesses known as depressive disorders. As an illness, depression can affect not only the personal mood and internal thoughts of a person, but also the outwardly physical functions of affected individuals.

Question 15

Desensitization

Answer 15

is a treatment method which weakens the learned association between anxiety and feared objects or situations by strengthening another response—in this case, relaxation—that is incompatible with anxiety.

Question 16

Ego

Answer 16

is that portion of the personality that imposes realistic limitations on the id.

Question 17

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 17

ability to perceive and constructively act on both one’s own emotions and the feelings of others.

Question 18

Empathy

Answer 18

The capacity to vicariously experience and understand the thoughts and feelings of another person by putting oneself in that person’s place.

Question 19

Extroversion

Answer 19

A term used to characterize people who are typically outgoing, friendly, and open toward others.

Question 20

Forgetting Curve

Answer 20

The general, predictable pattern of the process of forgetting learned information.

Question 21

ID

Answer 21

The id is the part of the personality that includes such basic biological impulses or drives as eating, drinking, eliminating wastes, avoiding pain, attaining sexual pleasure, and aggression. The id operates on the “pleasure principle,” seeking to satisfy these basic urges immediately with no regard to consequences.

Question 22

Impulse Control Disorders

Answer 22

A psychological disorder characterized by the repeated inability to refrain from performing a particular action that is harmful either to oneself or others.

Question 23

Inferiority Complex

Answer 23

A psychological condition that exists when a person’s feelings of inadequacy are so intense that daily living is impaired

Question 24

Introversion

Answer 24

A commonly used term for people who are quiet, reserved, thoughtful, and self-reliant and who tend to prefer solitary work and leisure activities.

Question 25

Mania

Answer 25

A description of the condition opposite depression in manic-depressive psychosis, or bipolar disorder. It is characterized by a mood of elation without apparent reason.

Question 26

Mental Imagery

Answer 26

A picture created by the imagination with no visual stimulus required.

Question 27

Narcissism

Answer 27

Excessive preoccupation with self and lack of empathy for others.

Question 28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Answer 28

Mental illness characterized by the recurrence of intrusive, anxiety-producing thoughts (obsessions) accompanied by repeated attempts to suppress these thoughts through the performance of certain irrational, often ritualistic, behaviors (compulsions)

Question 29

Panic/Panic Disorders

Answer 29

An acute feeling of intense fear, accentuated by increased heart rate, shortness of breath, sweating, and mild convulsions

Question 30

Passive Aggressive Personality

Answer 30

Its main distinguishing feature is indirect resistance to the demands or expectations of others through stubbornness, forgetfulness, inefficiency, procrastination, and other covert means.

Question 31

Placebo

Answer 31

substances with no known pharmacological value that are given to members of a control group in an experiment.

Question 32

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 32

A psychological disorder that develops in response to an extremely traumatic event that threatens a person’s safety or life.

Question 33

Psychosis

Answer 33

A symptom of mental illness characterized by a radical change in personality and a distorted or diminished sense of objective reality.

Question 34

Rapid Eye Movement

Answer 34

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is also called active sleep because the EEG (electroencephalogram) patterns in this stage are similar to the patterns during the awake stage.

Question 35

Self-Esteem

Answer 35

an important component of emotional health, self-esteem encompasses both self-confidence and self-acceptance.

Question 36

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Answer 36

An initial expectation that is confirmed by the behavior it elicits.

Question 37

Superego

Answer 37

In psychoanalytic theory, the part of the human personality that represents a person’s inner values and morals; also known as conscience.