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Phys 427 > Chapter 1 : Seismic (Elastic) Wave Theory > Flashcards

Chapter 1 : Seismic (Elastic) Wave Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Elastic Solid

A

Deforms under external force but returns to original size and shape when force removed

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2
Q

Stress

A

Force/unit area

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3
Q

Normal Stress

A

Force normal to surface (pressure)

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4
Q

Shear stress

A

Force tangential to surface (traction)

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5
Q

Static equilibrium

A

No motion; normal and shear forces balance

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6
Q

Strain

A

Relative deformation of body under stress (fractional change in size and shape)

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7
Q

Normal strain

A

Volume change

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8
Q

Cubic Dilatation

A

Fractional change in volume due to deformation

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9
Q

Shear Strain

A

Deformation

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10
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

Strain directly proportional to the stress that produced it

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11
Q

Isotropic materials

A

No directional variation

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12
Q

Body Waves

A

Waves that propagate through the body of the earth

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13
Q

Compressional (Primary) Waves

A

Volume change, no rotation

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14
Q

Shear (Secondary) Waves

A

Rotational disturbance

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15
Q

Vertically Polarized S wave

A

Particle motion in vertical plane perpendicular to surface

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16
Q

Horizontally polarized S wave

A

Particle motion in horizontal plane parallel to surface

17
Q

What are the body wave conversions?

A

Sh=no conversion, SvP

18
Q

What is the critical angle?

A

Incident angle when the wave experiences no transmission

19
Q

Angle of intromission

A

Incident angle when the wave experiences no reflection, complete transmission

20
Q

Surface waves

A

Waves that propagate at the surface of a medium, have both P and S components

21
Q

Retrograde motion

A

Motion at the top of the ellipse is opposite in direction to wave propagation

22
Q

Prograde motion

A

Motion at the top of the ellipse is the same direction as wave propagation

23
Q

Rayleigh Wave

A

Surface wave that travels near the surface of solids (P and S components)

24
Q

Group Velocity

A

Velocity at which energy (or envelope) at a particular frequency propagates

25
Q

Phase velocity

A

Velocity at which a particular phase propagates

26
Q

Love wave

A

An Sh wave trapped near the surface by reflection/refraction

27
Q

What order do love waves arrive at a distant station?

A

Low frequencies first, then mix of high and low frequencies, finally a single frequency corresponding to min cg arrives (Airy phase)

Phys 427 (5 decks)

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