Chapter 1 Section 3 Flashcards
Who was Anton van Leeuwenhoek
A Dutch merchant, he created the microscope
Explain “Law of rule”
This means that the law should apply to everyone equally and that all people should be treated the same. This understanding is at the basis of the American legal system today. Rome responsible for this.
Explain convenant
The Hebrew bible describes a convenient or and agreement between the Jews and their God.
The idea of a covenant, or binding agreement, later influenced the American colonists when they set up their societies in North Amercia.
Theology
A study of religion or God.
Greece
Developed “philosophy”, or a “love of wisdom”. They believed the human mind could understand everything. Greek philosophy led to the study of history, mathematics, and political science. The idea of democracy developed, every citizen could vote firsthand on laws and policies.
Rome
Rome began as a republic, a form of government in which citizens elect their leaders to office. This later shaped the founding of the US government. Another key gift was the “ law of rule”
Thomas Aquinas
He was a Catholic priest, he was scholasticism’s best-known champion. He wrote several works explaining that the Greek philosopher Aristotle would have agreed with many Christian teachings.
Scholasticism - a new way of thinking that began in the 1100’s which began to change theology.
What is natural law
Aquinas claimed that natural law gave people certain rights that the government should not take away. These included the right to live, to,learn, to worship, and to reproduce.
Renaissance
The period of intellectual and artistic creativity. A French wor meaning “rebirth” over the next two centuries, it spread north, south, and west, reaching Spain and northern Europe in the 1400’s
Who was Martin Luther?
He was a German monk in 1517 that criticized the authority of the pope of the Catholic Church, their teachings and practices. Later his followers and Martin. Luther broke away from Catholicism and began their own Christian churches. Martin Luther’s protest were the start of a new form of Christianity known as Protestantism.
Who was John Calvin?
At the same time Martin Luther was spreading Protestantism, John Calvin a French religious thinker had broken away from the Catholic Church. He believed that if you worked hard at your business and behaved yourself, you would be saved. This became know as Calvinism.
Who was Thomas Hobbs?
Thomas Hobbs was an English thinker during the 1600s. His view of how the English government should work was based on his book Leviathan were he argued that the best form of government was absolute monarchy. He believed that humans were naturally selfish and violent, and they couldn’t be trusted to make their own decisions. Therefore, Hobbs said, they needed to obey a government that had the power of a leviathan, or sea monster. To Hobb’s that meant the rule of a king, because only a strong ruler could give people direction.
Who was John Locke?
John Locke was also an English thinker during the 1600s. He felt citizens had rights and believed that the government was answerable to the people.
In 1690 he explained many of the ideas of the. Glorious Revolution in a book called Two Treaties of Civil Government. Locke stated that government should be based on natural law. This law gave people from birth certain natural rights. The right to life, the right to liberty, and right to own property. He believed that the purpose of the government was to protect these rights.
Define pursue
Strive to gain or accomplish a goal
Define document
An important paper
