Chapter 1: Scope and Microscopy Flashcards
The Bubonic Plauge:
o Rosy Red Rash in a ring formation. o Sweet smelling herbs. • Foul odors thought to cause disease. • Odor of infection and death! o Cremation. o THE BUBONIC PLAGUE! • Yersinia pestis.
Microorganisms (Microbes):
o A few are PATHOGENIC (cause disease). o Some decompose organic waste. o Some are producers. o In the ecosystem: • Photosynthesis. • Nitrogen Fixation. o Can Produce: o INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS. • Ethanol. • Acetone. o FERMENTED FOODS. • Vinegar. • Cheese. • Bread. o MANUFACTURING. • Cellulase. o MEDICAL TREATMENT. • Insulin.
Naming Microorganisms:
o Linnaeus established the system of scientific nomenclature.
o Each organism has two names: the genus and specific epithet (SPECIES).
o Italicize or underline scientific names.
• Genus is capitalized.
• Species is lowercase.
Scientific Names:
o After the first use, scientific names may be abbreviated with the first letter of the genus and the full species name:
o Escherichia coli (E. coli):
• Honors the discoverer, Theodor Escherich.
• Describes the bacterium’s habitat –large intestine, or colon.
The 3 Domain Types of Microorganisms:
o BACTERIA. o ARCHAEA. o EUKARYA. • Fungi. • Protozoa. • Algae. • Multicellular animal Parasites.
Domain Bacteria:
o PROKARYOTES. o Peptidoglycan cell walls. o Binary fission: Divides into to equal cells. o Energy: • Organic or inorganic chemicals. • Photosynthesis.
Archaea:
o PROKARYOTIC:
• Lack peptidoglycan.
• Live in extreme environments.
o INCLUDE
• Methanogens: produce methane as a waste product from respiration.
• Extreme halophiles: Live in extremely salty environments.
• Extreme thermophiles: Live in hot sulfourous water.
Fungi:
o Distinct nucleus. o Chitin cell walls. o Use organic chemicals for energy. o Molds and mushrooms are multicellular. o Yeasts are unicellular.
Protozoa:
o Within Domain Eukarya. o Absorb or ingest organic chemicals. o MOTILITY: • Pseudopods. • Cilia. • Flagella.
Algae:
o Within domain Eukarya. o Eukaryotes. o Cellulose cell walls. o Photosynthesize Produce oxygen and carbohydrates. o Freshwater, saltwater, soil.
Viruses:
o Acellular. o DNA or RNA core. o Protein coat. • May have an envelope too. o Replicated only when they are in a living host cell.
Multicellular Animal Parasites:
o Eukaryotes.
o Parasitic flatworms and roundworms are called helminthes.
o Microscopic stages in life cycles.
Caduceus:
The symbol for the medical profession.
The First Observations:
o 1665: Robert Hooke reported that living things were composed of little boxes, or cells.
o 1673-1723: Anton van Leeuwenhoek described live microorganisms.
o 1858: Rudolf Virchow – Concept of Biogenesis -“cells arise from preexisting cells”.
Cell Theory:
All living things are composed of cells and come from preexisting cells.
