Chapter 1: Scientific Thinking Flashcards

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0
Q

Biology is?

A

The study of life

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1
Q

What is science?

A

The study of the natural world

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2
Q

The study of how genes ( and characteristics) move from one generation to the other is?

A

Genetics

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3
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of life?

A
  1. All life is based on cells
  2. All life is able to acquire energy from the environment through the metabolism
  3. All life is able to reproduce independently
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4
Q

List the Levels of Organization

A
  1. Atoms
  2. Molecules ➡️ Macromolecules
  3. Cells
  4. Tissues
  5. Organs ➡️ Organ systems
  6. Organisms
  7. Population
  8. Community
  9. Ecosystem
  10. Biosphere
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5
Q

All life have a?

A

Common set of characteristics

All use the same genetic code

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6
Q

Modifications of characteristics in pre-existing populations is?

A

Evolutionary change

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7
Q

Define Vertical Descent

A
  • Progression of changes in a lineage
  • New species evolve from pre-existing species by the accumulation of mutations

TREE OF LIFE

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8
Q

Define Horizontal Gene Transfer

A

Genetic exchange between different species

WEB OF LIFE

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9
Q

Taxonomy is?

A

The grouping of species based on common ancestry

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10
Q

Name the 3 Domains

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eubacteria

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11
Q

Name the 4 Kingdoms

A
  1. Protista
  2. Fungi
  3. Plantae
  4. Animalia
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12
Q

Genus + species =

A

Binomial Nomenclature

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13
Q

What is a genome?

A

The complete genetic make up of an organism

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14
Q

What is Genomics?

A

The study of DNA sequences in genomes

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15
Q

What are Proteomes?

A

The complete complement of proteins that a cell or organism make

16
Q

What is Proteomics?

A

The study of the proteome of a single species or to compare proteomes of different species

17
Q

Define Gene Expression

A

DNA ➡️ RNA ➡️Proteins ➡️ Traits

➡️ genomes ➡️ proteomes

18
Q

What is another name for Gene Expression?

A

The Central Dogma

19
Q

What does science involve?

A

Observation
Identification
Experiments
Explanation

20
Q

Hypothesis

A

Proposed explanation

  • is testable
  • is never really proven
21
Q

Theory:

A

Broad generalization

  • allows us to make predictions
  • can never be proven true
22
Q

Law:

A

Universal Truth

  • allows us to make correct predictions
  • considered true even in different places and at different times in our universe
23
Q

What is always valid?

A

A Law

24
Q

What is repeatedly tested?

A

A Theory

25
Q

What is narrow in scope?

A

A Hypothesis

26
Q

Name the two general approaches of Science and Biology?

A

Observation: discovery-based science
Experimentation: hypothesis testing

27
Q

Name the 5 steps of the scientific method:

A
  1. Make observations
  2. Form a hypothesis
  3. Test hypothesis
  4. Analyze Data
  5. Form a conclusion
28
Q

Know: treatment, experimental group, control group, variables, statistics

A

If data is not significantly different, then the hypothesis is rejected