Chapter 1: Scientific Thinking

Question 0

Biology is?

Answer 0

The study of life

Question 1

What is science?

Answer 1

The study of the natural world

Question 2

The study of how genes ( and characteristics) move from one generation to the other is?

Answer 2

Genetics

Question 3

What are the 3 characteristics of life?

Answer 3

1. All life is based on cells
2. All life is able to acquire energy from the environment through the metabolism
3. All life is able to reproduce independently

Question 4

List the Levels of Organization

Answer 4

1. Atoms
2. Molecules ➡️ Macromolecules
3. Cells
4. Tissues
5. Organs ➡️ Organ systems
6. Organisms
7. Population
8. Community
9. Ecosystem
10. Biosphere

Question 5

All life have a?

Answer 5

Common set of characteristics

All use the same genetic code

Question 6

Modifications of characteristics in pre-existing populations is?

Answer 6

Evolutionary change

Question 7

Define Vertical Descent

Answer 7

• Progression of changes in a lineage
• New species evolve from pre-existing species by the accumulation of mutations

TREE OF LIFE

Question 8

Define Horizontal Gene Transfer

Answer 8

Genetic exchange between different species

WEB OF LIFE

Question 9

Taxonomy is?

Answer 9

The grouping of species based on common ancestry

Question 10

Name the 3 Domains

Answer 10

Bacteria
Archaea
Eubacteria

Question 11

Name the 4 Kingdoms

Answer 11

1. Protista
2. Fungi
3. Plantae
4. Animalia

Question 12

Genus + species =

Answer 12

Binomial Nomenclature

Question 13

What is a genome?

Answer 13

The complete genetic make up of an organism

Question 14

What is Genomics?

Answer 14

The study of DNA sequences in genomes

Question 15

What are Proteomes?

Answer 15

The complete complement of proteins that a cell or organism make

Question 16

What is Proteomics?

Answer 16

The study of the proteome of a single species or to compare proteomes of different species

Question 17

Define Gene Expression

Answer 17

DNA ➡️ RNA ➡️Proteins ➡️ Traits

➡️ genomes ➡️ proteomes

Question 18

What is another name for Gene Expression?

Answer 18

The Central Dogma

Question 19

What does science involve?

Answer 19

Observation
Identification
Experiments
Explanation

Question 20

Hypothesis

Answer 20

Proposed explanation

• is testable
• is never really proven

Question 21

Theory:

Answer 21

Broad generalization

• allows us to make predictions
• can never be proven true

Question 22

Law:

Answer 22

Universal Truth

• allows us to make correct predictions
• considered true even in different places and at different times in our universe

Question 23

What is always valid?

Answer 23

A Law

Question 24

What is repeatedly tested?

Answer 24

A Theory

Question 25

What is narrow in scope?

Answer 25

A Hypothesis

Question 26

Name the two general approaches of Science and Biology?

Answer 26

Observation: discovery-based science
Experimentation: hypothesis testing

Question 27

Name the 5 steps of the scientific method:

Answer 27

1. Make observations
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Test hypothesis
4. Analyze Data
5. Form a conclusion

Question 28

Know: treatment, experimental group, control group, variables, statistics

Answer 28

If data is not significantly different, then the hypothesis is rejected