Chapter 1: Scientific Study of Life Flashcards
What is “Biology”
The study of life
Order
All life has a complex organization
Reproduction
The formation of new cells, new generations
What can viruses not do?
They cannot reproduce without a host, so officials they are not alive
Growth and development
we can grow up, we can grow out, or we can just grow replacement cells
Responsiveness
Organisms respond to what they hear, what they see, what they feel, what they eat
Energy Utilization
take in energy and transform it into working parts; cellular respiration
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, hereditary information on how to make every protein the body will ever need
Gene
a piece of DNA that has information for a particular protein
Evolutionary adaptation
change to suit your environment
Natural Selection
individuals with favorable traits survive better and have more offspring
Chemical
basically atoms like carbon, oxygen, and so on that combine to form molecules
Cell
bunch of molecules get together
Tissue
group of cells work together to of a particular function, epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue
Organ
Several tissues get together. Ex: stomach, liver, lungs
Organ System
Several organs working together. Ex: digestive system, respiratory system, skeletal system
Organism
several systems together
Species
a group of similar, potentially interbreeding organisms. Ex: humans, cats, dogs
Population
A group of species living in the same area. Ex: a group go biology 1408 students in a lab room
Community
population of several different species living in the same area
Ecosystem
living and nonliving things interacting together in the same area
Biosphere
the sum of all the ecosystems
Producers
organisms that produce food for an ecosystem; plants
Consumers
organisms that eat plants and other animals; most animals
Decomposers
organisms that eat dead or decaying matter; bacteria, fungi, worms
Prokaryotic cells
smaller, lack nucleus and organelles; bacteria
Eukaryotic cells
bigger, have nucleus and organelles; more organelles; plants, animals, algae, fungi, protozoa
Domain Bacteria
normal bacteria that live in mild conditions
Domain Archaea
ancient bacteria that live in extreme conditions; very hot, very cold, high pressure, very acidic
Domain Eukarya
eukaryotic organisms including plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Viruses
very small, nonliving infectious agents; must reproduce inside a host
Prions
disease causing infectious proteins
Hypothesis
a testable explanation for past experiences
Experiment
a test to prove or disprove your hypothesis
Control group
normal group; everything stays the same same; placebo. Ex: I think iid faster to drive up Forest Hill to go to school. That’s the way I usually so that’s the control group
Experimental group
change only one variable. Ex: my husband thinks it’s better to drive up campus drive. Variable that changes is the route
Placebo
inactive treatment; sugar pill
Data
the results of the experiment
Conclusion
what it means. Ex: It is faster to drive down forest hill by 2 minutes
