Chapter 1 - Scientific Method

Question 1

Authority

Answer 1

One accepts information as being true because a credible expert tells you so.

Question 2

Rationalism

Answer 2

Uses reason alone to arrive at knowledge. One analyzes a situation and draws logical conclusions based on available information and prior knowledge.

Question 3

Intuition

Answer 3

Sudden insight that springs into consciousness all at once as a whole.

Question 4

Scientific method

Answer 4

May use reason and intuition as a means of formulating an idea but then relies on objective assessment to verify or deny the validity of the idea.

Question 5

Parameters

Answer 5

Numbers that summarizes data for an entire population.

Question 6

Statistics

Answer 6

Numbers that summarizes data from a sample.

Question 7

Observational studies

Answer 7

No direct experimental manipulation of variables. Naturalistic observation of events in their real world environment.

Question 8

True experiment

Answer 8

Researcher imposes a treatment or manipulates a variable (IV) to determine if changes are observed in another variable (DV).

Question 9

Random experiment

Answer 9

Random assignment helps to control for possible confounding variables.

Question 10

Descriptive statistics

Answer 10

Analysis is conducted to describe the obtained data

Question 11

Inferential statistics

Answer 11

Analysis is conducted to make inferences about a population using data

Question 12

Population

Answer 12

Complete set of individuals or the entire group

Question 13

Sample

Answer 13

Subset of the population

Question 14

Variable

Answer 14

Any property or characteristic that can vary

Question 15

Independent variable (IV)

Answer 15

The variable that is being changed

Question 16

Dependent variable (DV)

Answer 16

Changes as an result of the independent

Question 17

Data

Answer 17

Measurements, scores