Chapter 1 (science Of Bio) study guide1 Flashcards
What is homeostasis? What is an example?
Organisms maintain constant internal conditions that are different from their environment.
Example: the body temperature remains stable despite changes in outside temperatures.
What is a community?
A population of different species that live together in one place
What is an ecosystem ?
What is an example?
Organisms that interact with each other and their environment.
Example: mountain meadows interact with soil, water, and the atmosphere of a mountain ecosystem.
What is a population?
What is an example?
Same species living together
Example: members that are similar in appearance and able to breed.
What is the biosphere ?
The entire earth Planet is A ecosystem that is called the biosphere
What is a variable?
What is in the example?
What influences the factories (Variable) all variable must be a constant and an alternative.
Example: Test experiment (Altered) control experiment (unaltered )
What is control?
Variable that is left unaltered
Who is Darwin?
Darwin Created a theory of evolution that says and describes how organisms changed and gained a diversity of new forms over time
Who is Malthus?
He stated that population of plants, animals, and humans tend to increase geometrically while humans are able to increase their food supply arithmetically
What is selection?
Selection are characteristics/traits that helped increase population organisms (naturally) Depending on animals. (Survival)
What is artificial selection?
It can be taught as breeders who breed for example dogs they have certain characteristics to achieve a specific offspring phenotype. (Human influence)
What is domestication?
Domestication is when it produces variation in traits then in nature
What is a theory?
It is used in two ways.
- Explanation for natural phenomenon based on general principle
2: Theory of the body Of interconnected concepts supported by scientific reasoning and experimental evidence that explains the fact in some area of study.
What are some of the general characteristics of science ?
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What is the primary goal of science?
To understand the natural world through observation and reason
What are the steps of the scientific method?
- Observation or question
- Hypothesis or prediction
- Experiment
- Analyze data(results)
- Conclusion
Why is CONTROLLING for certain variables important?
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How do you apply the scientific method to address a scientific question
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How is a theory in science different then a theory in every day life?
Theory in every day life is what you believe based on some evidence not definite but always logical
Theories and science are descriptions or explanation of relevant facts, concepts, and principles often used as models of reality to explain observations and make testable predictions
• Testable: is a very well supported and rigorous additional tests = verifiable
What are the 7 characteristics shared in all life?
- Cellular organization - Made of cells
- Ordered complexity - cells,tissue,organs
- Sensitivity - response to environment
- Growth, development, and reproduction
- Energy utilization
- Homeostasis - maintain internal condition
- Evolutionary adaptation - living things evolve adaptations that allowed him to live better (or to be most fit) in there particular environment
List the hierarchy Of biology from smallest unit to biggest units.
- Atom
•unit of matter
•protons/neutrons orbited by electrons
•carbon, hydrogen, oxygen - Molecules
•two or more atoms
•water methane and sugar - Organelles
• “organs” of cell
•golgi body, nucleus and mitochondria - Cells
• basic unit of life
•bacteria, neuron, muscle cell - Tissue
• Cells working together
• common goal
• nervous, muscles - Organ
•tissues working in concert
•brain heart kidney - Organ system
•multiple organs working in concert
•respiratory nervous - Organisms
•multiple organ systems working in concert
•seal oak tree - Population
• group of organism of the same species in a specific area
• squirrels living on campus
•seals living in SF bay - Community
•all organisms in a specific area
•example : Kelp in forest residents
- seals kelp crab fish etc. - Ecosystem
•all living and non living thing in specific area
• Southern California coast
-nonliving might be rock wind sunlight etc. - Biosphere
• all ecosystem on a plant
- earth
Who was Charles Darwin and why does his work matter?
It’s 4 key observations allowed him to formulate the theory of natural selection.
- Species on volcanic island more closely resemble nearby South America Concluding that maybe Galapagos life was descended from mainland South America and changed over time.
- Noticed several subtle variations in beaks in 14 finch species on Galápagos Islands . If the birds all came from South America maybe the beaks of these birds changed slowly over time(evolved) to eat diff foods
- Only a limited number of species survive even though they otherwise could make lots of Offspring Only does the best equipped to survive this happens when only there is not enough food and all organisms want food
- Domestication produce more variation in traits than in nature
How did Thomas Mouthess influence Darwin to hypothesize that populations were regulated by death according to a process he termed “selection”?
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What is the relevance of geometric vs. arithmetic population growth?
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