Chapter 1: Sampling and Data

Question 1

Random Sample

Answer 1

To make a sample, you randomly take a certain # from the population

Question 2

Convenience Sample

Answer 2

To make a sample, you gather the group by a method convenient to the researcher. It is not random and could be bias (skewed).

Question 3

Stratified Sampling

Answer 3

The population is divided into groups by similar characteristics. These groups are called strata. A random sample is taken from each strata.

Question 4

Cluster Sampling

Answer 4

The population is divided into groups called clusters. Entire clusters are taken for analysis.

Question 5

Systematic Sampling

Answer 5

The population items are ordered and every nth # is chosen.

Question 6

Discrete Variables

Answer 6

They are counting #s like 0,1,2,3

Question 7

Continuous Variables

Answer 7

They can be any type of value including fractions and decimals.

Question 8

Interval Variables

Answer 8

No meaning for zero

Question 9

Ratio Variables

Answer 9

Zero

Question 10

Ordinal Variables

Answer 10

They have a natural order like grades (1st, 2nd, 3rd)

Question 11

Nominal Variables

Answer 11

They have no natural order like the country you live in

Question 12

What is the study of statistics?

Answer 12

The act of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data that can then be presented

Question 13

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 13

Organizing and summarizing data

Question 14

Inferential Statistics

Answer 14

Uses probability to see how confident/good conclusions are

Question 15

Population

Answer 15

People, things, objects being studied

Question 16

Paremeter

Answer 16

A # that is a property of the population

Question 17

Sample

Answer 17

A portion/subset of a larger population to gain info about a population

Question 18

Statistic

Answer 18

that represents a property of the sample

Question 19

Data

Answer 19

Actual values of the variable (#s or variables)

Question 20

What is a single value called?

Answer 20

Datum

Question 21

Mean

Answer 21

Arithmetic average

Question 22

Proportion

Answer 22

Accepted values/total

Question 23

Quantitative Data

Answer 23

-Always #s
-Comes from counting or measuring attributes of a population

Question 24

Qualitative Data

Answer 24

-Categories or descriptions of a population
-Described by words or letters
-Display with a pie chart and bar graph

Question 25

Frequency

Answer 25

of times a value of the data occurs. The sum of the values in the frequency column that represents the total # of values in the sample

Question 26

Relative Frequency

Answer 26

of times a value appears/total # of values/outcomes

Question 27

Cumulative Relative Frequency

Answer 27

Add all previous relative frequencies to the relative frequency for the current row

Question 28

Explanatory Variable

Answer 28

1st Variable

Question 29

Treatments

Answer 29

Different values

Question 30

Response Variable

Answer 30

Affected variable

Question 31

Experimental unit

Answer 31

A single object or individual to be measured

Question 32

Lurking Variables

Answer 32

Additional variables that can cloud a study

Question 33

Control Group

Answer 33

1 treatment group

Question 34

Placebo

Answer 34

Inactive treatments

Question 35

Blindings

Answer 35

Preserves the power of suggestion

Question 36

Double-Blind Experiment

Answer 36

When researcher and subject are both blinded