Chapter 1 - Routing Concepts Flashcards
Provides temporary storage for various applications and processes including the running IOS, the running configuration file, various tables (i.e., IP routing table, Ethernet ARP table) and buffers for packet processing. _____ is referred to as volatile because it loses its contents when power is turned off
RAM
Provides permanent storage for bootup instructions, basic diagnostic software and a limited IOS in case the router cannot load the full featured IOS. _____ is firmware and referred to as non-volatile because it does not lose its contents when power is turned off
ROM
Provides permanent storage for the startup configuration file (startup-config). _____ is non-volatile and does not lose its contents when power is turned off
Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM)
Provides permanent storage for the IOS and other system-related files. The IOS is copied from _____ into RAM during the bootup process. _____ is non-volatile and does not lose its contents when power is turned off
Flash
What are the 6 data link technologies that a router can connect to?
Ethernet, PPP, Frame Relay, DSL, cable, and wireless (802.11, Bluetooth)
An older packet forwarding mechanism still available for Cisco routers. When a packet arrives on an interface, it is forwarded to the control plane where the CPU matches the destination address with an entry in its routing table, and then determines the exit interface and forwards the packet. It is important to understand that the router does this for every packet, even if the destination is the same for a stream of packets. This _____ _____ mechanism is very slow and rarely implemented in modern networks
Process switching
This is a common packet forwarding mechanism which uses a _____ cache to store next-hop information. When a packet arrives on an interface, it is forwarded to the control plane where the CPU searches for a match in the _____ cache. If it is not there, it is process-switched and forwarded to the exit interface. The flow information for the packet is also stored in the fast-switching cache. If another packet going to the same destination arrives on an interface, the next-hop information in the cache is re-used without CPU intervention.
Fast switching
_____ is the most recent and preferred Cisco IOS packet-forwarding mechanism. Like fast switching, _____ builds a Forwarding Information Base (FIB), and an adjacency table. However, the table entries are not packet-triggered like fast switching but change-triggered such as when something changes in the network topology. Therefore, when a network has converged, the FIB and adjacency tables contain all the information a router would have to consider when forwarding a packet. The FIB contains pre-computed reverse lookups, next hop information for routes including the interface and Layer 2 information. _____ is the fastest forwarding mechanism and the preferred choice on Cisco routers.
Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)
The host is manually assigned the correct IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. The DNS server IP address can also be configured.
Statically
IP address information is provided by a server using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). The DHCP server provides a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for end devices. Other information may be provided by the server.
Dynamically
_____ assigned addresses are commonly used to identify specific network resources, such as network servers and printers
Statically
If the link light is not on, then there may be a problem with either the network cable or the network itself. The switch port where the connection terminates would also have an LED indicator lit. If one or both ends are not lit, try a different _____.
Network Cable
A special ________ is required when using the USB port to access the Router Console port
USB-to-RS-232 compatible serial port adapter
Which 2 things are required for mini USB console connections?
a USB Type-A to USB Type-B (mini-B USB) is required, as well as an operating system device driver
A switch does not have a dedicated interface to which an IP address can be assigned. Instead, the IP address information is configured on a virtual interface called a _____.
switched virtual interface (SVI)
