Chapter 1: Roots of Applied Behavior Analysis Flashcards
Parsimonious
is it the simplest explanation?
Punishment
a behavior is followed by a consequence that STOPS the behavior’s future rate of occurrence
Correlation
the strength of a relationship. How two thing relate to each other (-1.0-0-+1.0)
Punisher
a behavior is follow by a consequence that DECREASES the behavior’s future rate of occurrence
Circular Reasoning
when you talk and you say nothing at the same time. Basically like using the term to define itself
Extinction
ignoring/not showing that a student’s behavior bothers you in hopes of the behavior ending. Only use on non-dangerous behaviors
Minimal Brain Dysfunction
the term used if they don’t have an idea on what kind of disability a student has
Functional Assessment
you’re trying to find the “why” to a student’s behavior
Internal Locus of Control
assume responsibility for your behavior
Functional Analysis
a method of testing the reinforcement for a given behavior. Usually conducted to test a hypothesized function of a challenging behavior by exposing the challenging behavior to potentially reinforcing consequences, such as attention and escape, and observing the condition in which the behavior occurs the most.
External Locus of Control
not assuming responsibility for your behavior (pointing fingers at someone else)
Antecedent
increases the likelihood that you’re going to do a behavior/what happens before a before a behavior
Construct
a big idea
Discriminative Stimulus
something that always prompts a behavior (teacher says “take out your math book”, and you take out your math book)
Gestalt Psychology
learning depends on imposing one’s own meaningful learning experiences. It has to be meaningful to the student. How their thoughts impact their behavior. Kid’s can’t just be drilled into learning something
Stimulus Control
no longer have to actively teach
Discovery Learning
surround a kis with educational materials and they expand their knowledge with hands on activities (Montessori)
Setting Event
something that happens that you do not see that affects a child’s behavior
Constructivism
wait and have a lot of discovery learning
Personalized Contextual Instruction
creating that environment. you’re thinking about “here’s where this kid is cognitively. how do we create a rich learning environment that will help them proceed?” this is how to bring discovery learning to life
Positive Reinforcement
doing something the student likes so they continue to do that behavior
Modeling
demonstration of a behavior
Negative Reinforcement
doing something the student doesn’t like/makes them uncomfortable so they will stop doing the behavior
Shaping
the reinforcement of successive approximations to a desired behavior to teach new behavior. The little tweaks that you reinforce toward the behavior/skill you’re wanting
Behavior
an observable and measurable act
Functional Relation
when you can prove that something causes a behavior to occur
Consequence
result of an action
Unconditioned Stimulus
automatic response
Behavior Modification
has nothing to do with ABA. Is something that is done TO someone. Hypnosis, Lepotomy
Conditioned Stimulus
the neutral thing that we want to teach a student. Has to be paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Unconditioned Response
what no one has to teach (hand on a hot burner and moving hand away)
Premack Principle
you will do a less preferred activity to get the activity you want (grandma’s rule)
Respondent Conditioning
the process of pairing stimuli so that an unconditioned stimulus elicits a response (UCE+CS=CR)
Law of Effect
if you do something and the teacher follows it with something you like, chances are you’ll do it again. If you do something the teacher doesn’t like and they do something that you don’t like, chances are you won’t do it again
Law of Exercise
your surroundings influence your behavior
Operant Conditioning
behaviors that are considered voluntary rather than reflexive like respondent conditioning. Examples= pulling. pushing, walking, talking, writing, and contorting
skills to know: Discuss how Skinner’s distinguishing of operant from respondent conditioning impacted the study of applied behavior analysis.
a. Operant= controlled by student behavior
b. Respondent= not controllable reactions (drooling dog=food). Antecedent.
