Chapter 1 Review Questions Flashcards
A(n)_________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.
Program
The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as ___________.
hardware
The part of a computer that runs programs is called________.
CPU
Today, CPUs are small chips known as_____.
microprocessors
The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in _________.
Main memory
This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running.
RAM
A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer, is called ________.
Secondary Storage
A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called _______.
Input Device
A video display is a(n)_____ device.
Output
A ______ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.
Byte
A byte is made up of eight _______.
Bits
In the ________ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s.
Binary
A bit that is turned off represents the following value: _________.
0
A set of 128 numeric codes that present the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other character is________.
ASCII
An extensive coding scheme that can represent characters for many languages in the world is ______.
Unicode
Negative numbers are encoded using the _________ technique.
Two’s Complement
Real numbers are encoded using the ________ technique.
Floating point
The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called _________.
pixels
If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see _________.
A stream of binary numbers.
In the _____ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.
Decode
Computer can only execute programs that are written in ______.
Machine language
The _______ translates an assembly language program to a machine language.
Assembler
The words that make up a high-level programming language are called ______.
Keywords
The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called ______.
Syntax
A(n) _____ program translates a high-level language program into a seperate machine language program.
Complier
