Chapter 1 Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

A(n)_________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

A

Program

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2
Q

The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as ___________.

A

hardware

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3
Q

The part of a computer that runs programs is called________.

A

CPU

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4
Q

Today, CPUs are small chips known as_____.

A

microprocessors

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5
Q

The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in _________.

A

Main memory

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6
Q

This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running.

A

RAM

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7
Q

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer, is called ________.

A

Secondary Storage

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8
Q

A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called _______.

A

Input Device

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9
Q

A video display is a(n)_____ device.

A

Output

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10
Q

A ______ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.

A

Byte

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11
Q

A byte is made up of eight _______.

A

Bits

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12
Q

In the ________ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s.

A

Binary

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13
Q

A bit that is turned off represents the following value: _________.

A

0

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14
Q

A set of 128 numeric codes that present the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other character is________.

A

ASCII

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15
Q

An extensive coding scheme that can represent characters for many languages in the world is ______.

A

Unicode

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16
Q

Negative numbers are encoded using the _________ technique.

A

Two’s Complement

17
Q

Real numbers are encoded using the ________ technique.

A

Floating point

18
Q

The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called _________.

A

pixels

19
Q

If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see _________.

A

A stream of binary numbers.

20
Q

In the _____ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.

A

Decode

21
Q

Computer can only execute programs that are written in ______.

A

Machine language

22
Q

The _______ translates an assembly language program to a machine language.

A

Assembler

23
Q

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called ______.

A

Keywords

24
Q

The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called ______.

A

Syntax

25
Q

A(n) _____ program translates a high-level language program into a seperate machine language program.

A

Complier