Chapter 1 Review

Question 1

What is humanistic psychology?

Answer 1

people are motivated to change in ways that improve their lives

Question 2

How can psychology help me study?

Answer 2

1. The right goals lead to success
2. A little stress management goes a long way
3. Cramming is a crummy way to learn
4. Learning is an active endeavor
5. Explaining enhances understanding
6. There are many ways to learn
7. Self-quizzing improves learning

Question 3

What do psychologists investigate?

Answer 3

the goal of understanding human thought and behavior originated in the study of philosophy

Question 4

Psychoanalysis (Freud)

Answer 4

the root of all psychological problems are unconscious conflicts

Question 5

Behavorism (Watson)

Answer 5

The theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors, not mental processes.

Question 6

What is cognitive psychology?

Answer 6

The study of how people think, learn, and remember.

Question 7

What is social psychology?

Answer 7

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another (Kurt Lewin)

Question 8

What is unconditional positive regard?

Answer 8

according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Question 9

What is empiricism?

Answer 9

Is the science of conducting psychological research using an objective, evidence based research.

Question 10

What is a growth mindset?

Answer 10

belief that qualities can change/improve through effort

Question 11

What are the five domains of psychology?

Answer 11

biological, cognitive, developmental, social and personality, mental and physical health

Question 12

Define Psychology

Answer 12

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 13

What are the three steps in critical thinking?

Answer 13

1. Is the source of the claim believable?
2. Is there strong evidence for the claim?
3. Do other believable sources agree about the claim?

Question 14

Nature vs. Nuture

Answer 14

Related to whether heredity or the environment most impacts human psychological development

Question 15

Dualism

Answer 15

the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact

Question 16

When did experimental psychology began?

Answer 16

1879 when Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory

Question 17

What was the laboratory being used to find?

Answer 17

The purpose of the laboratory was being used to identify the basic parts, or structures of the conscious mind.

Question 18

What is Functionalism?

Answer 18

an early school of thought concerned with the adaptive purpose, or function, of mind and behavior ( William James)

Question 19

What was the goal for functionalism?

Answer 19

To be able to describe how the conscious mind aids adaptation to an environment (roots of therapy in trauma)

Question 20

Evolutionary Theory

Answer 20

A theory presented by the naturalist Charles Darwin; it views the idea that those who inherit characteristics that help them adapt to their particular environments have a selective advantage over those who did not

Question 21

Who is Mary Whiton Calkins and what did she do?

Answer 21

One of the first female graduate students in Psychology. In 1905 she became the first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association.

Question 22

Who is Francis Cecil Sumner and what did he do?

Answer 22

In 1920 he became the first black person in the United States to earn a Doctorate in Psychology. He founded the department of Psychology at Howard University.

Question 23

What is the Muller-Lyer illusion?

Answer 23

illusion of line length that is distorted by inward-turning or outward-turning corners on the ends of the lines, causing lines of equal length to appear to be different

Question 24

What is ethics?

Answer 24

are accepted standard of right and wrong that guides peoples behavior

Question 25

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 25

A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity. ( cognitive psychologist, computer science and brain researchers)

Question 26

What are some benefits to keeping a gratitude journal?

Answer 26

Better sleep, happiness, less stress.