Chapter 1 Review

Question 1

Human life begins when a tiny egg cell and a sperm unite to form a fertilized egg cell

Answer 1

zygote

Question 2

When they become a hollow sphere, they are referred as

Answer 2

blastocyst

Question 3

Once implantation occurs, the cluster of cells

Answer 3

embryo

Question 4

a sac of blood vessels forms between the bodies of the baby and the mother.

keeps the baby attached to the wall of the uterus and also allow exchanges between his blood and the blood of his mother.

Answer 4

placenta

Question 5

a bundle of three blood vessels

Answer 5

umbilical cord

Question 6

the name for an unborn baby when he is distinctly recognizable as a miniature baby

Answer 6

fetus

Question 7

In what week is the most important period of growth has been completed

Answer 7

9th week

Question 8

In what month does a baby can hear noises, recognizing both sounds and rhythms.

Answer 8

6 months

Question 9

Between what ages that a child’s energy level is high

Answer 9

3 and 6

Question 10

the transition change from childhood into adulthood

Answer 10

adolescence

Question 11

the stage of development in which the body becomes physically able to reproduce

Answer 11

Puberty

Question 12

The stimulators of the endocrine system

Answer 12

hormone

Question 13

The study of endocrine system

Answer 13

endocrinology

Question 14

the master gland that regulates growth

Answer 14

pituitary gland

Question 15

a part of the brain that controls your body’s automatic activities and is largely responsible for the physical effects of your emotions.

Answer 15

hypothalamus

Question 16

a growth hormone, regulates your overall growth rate by stimulating the growth of new tissues.

Answer 16

Somatotropin hormone

Question 17

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, helps regulate blood pressure and the body’s water balance.

Answer 17

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 18

the gland that is located on the front of the neck, at the junction of the larynx and trachea

Answer 18

thyroid gland

Question 19

the chemical and physical processes by which the body burns food and generates energy

Answer 19

metabolism

Question 20

what contains iodine, is the principal hormone produced by the thyroid gland

Answer 20

thyroxine

Question 21

what gland regulates the amount of calcium in the blood

Answer 21

parathyroid gland

Question 22

the emergency action that prepares the body for stressful situations

Answer 22

Epinephrine or adrenaline

Question 23

what steroid stimulates the kidneys to conserve sodium and excrete potassium and helps regulate the body’s water balance.

Answer 23

aldosterone

Question 24

what steroid stimulates the body to repair itself following stress, inflammation or injury

Answer 24

cortisol

Question 25

the important organ that lies behind the stomach.

Answer 25

pancreas

Question 26

Small clusters of cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas;

Answer 26

islets of Langerhans

Question 27

what hormone stimulates the liver and muscles to remove glucose from the blood

Answer 27

insulin

Question 28

what stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream

Answer 28

glucagon

Question 29

the reproductive glands

Answer 29

gonads

Question 30

what gland that regulates sleep

Answer 30

pineal gland

Question 31

what hormone triggers sleepiness

Answer 31

melatonin

Question 32

The physical and chemical breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler, water-soluble substances the body can use

Answer 32

digestion

Question 33

the study of the digestive system

Answer 33

gastroenterology

Question 34

the part of the tooth that we see

Answer 34

crown

Question 35

the hardest substance in the body

Answer 35

enamel

Question 36

bonelike tissue that forms the main part of the tooth

Answer 36

dentin

Question 37

the hollow center of the tooth

Answer 37

pulp

Question 38

a thin bonelike covering over the root, helps hold the tooth firmly in its socket

Answer 38

cementum

Question 39

the layer of tissue that produces cementum

Answer 39

periodontal membrane

Question 40

the tissue surrounding the teeth

Answer 40

gingiva

Question 41

a muscular organ that forms the softened food into a ball and then pushes it to the back of your mouth

Answer 41

tongue

Question 42

a small muscular flap of tissue suspended at the back of your mouth

Answer 42

uvula

Question 43

a small flap of cartilage closes over the top of the trachea

Answer 43

epiglottis

Question 44

protein molecules designed to activate or speed up chemical reactions in your body

Answer 44

enzymes

Question 45

the digestive glands in the oral cavity one pair under the tongue

Answer 45

salivary glands

Question 46

a digestive juice containing water, mucus, and a digestive enzyme

Answer 46

saliva

Question 47

a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 47

esophagus

Question 48

the wave-like contractions that force food through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract

Answer 48

peristalsis

Question 49

a muscular saclike organ, has the largest diameter of any section of the gastroinstentinal tract

Answer 49

stomach

Question 50

a mixture of hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes, and mucus

Answer 50

gastric juice

Question 51

the muscular contractions also mix the food particles with gastric juice to change the food into a thick liquid

Answer 51

chyme

Question 52

what membrane lining the stomach walls is coated with mucus to protect the stomach from digestive enzymes and the corrosive action of the acid

Answer 52

mucous membrane

Question 53

the longest part of the digestive tract

Answer 53

small intestine

Question 54

the first 10 inches of the small intestine

Answer 54

duodenum

Question 55

the wall of the small intestine is lined with a mucous membrane and millions of tiny, hairlike projections giving the inner surface a velvety appearance

Answer 55

villi

Question 56

the movement of water, digested food and other dissolved substances into the bloodstream

Answer 56

absorption

Question 57

the middle section of the small intestine

Answer 57

jejunum

Question 58

the longest part of the small, into the colon

Answer 58

ileum

Question 59

larger in diameter than the small intestine but much shorter

Answer 59

large intestine or colon

Question 60

a fingerlike projection that has no known function in digestion

Answer 60

appendix

Question 61

the watery chyme then becomes semisolid waste materials

Answer 61

feces

Question 62

the last few inches of the digestive tract

Answer 62

rectum

Question 63

what produces pancreatic juice which contains enzymes for digesting fats, carbohydrates, and proteins

Answer 63

pancreas

Question 64

the largest internal organ of the body

Answer 64

liver

Question 65

a digestive juice essential for breaking down fats and oils

Answer 65

bile

Question 66

nutrients that provide energy

Answer 66

carbohydrates

Question 67

nutrients that provide raw materials to build tissues

Answer 67

proteins

Question 68

nutrients that provide energy and raw materials to build tissues

Answer 68

fats

Question 69

nutrients that is necessary for growth and body functions

Answer 69

vitamins

Question 70

nutrients that regulate body functions and provides materials for bone and teeth construction and muscle contraction

Answer 70

minerals

Question 71

nutrients that provide a medium for chemical reactions and transport of materials

Answer 71

water

Question 72

Carbohydrates should provide over what percent of your total daily calories

Answer 72

45% - 65%

Question 73

a fatlike substance that can accumulate in blood vessels and restrict blood flow

Answer 73

cholesterol

Question 74

proteins are made of long chains of building blocks

Answer 74

amino acids

Question 75

proteins that lack one or more of the essential amino acids

Answer 75

incomplete proteins

Question 76

proteins should supply about ________ of your total calories

Answer 76

10%-30%

Question 77

a fatlike substance that are totally insoluble in water

Answer 77

lipids

Question 78

fatty acids that makes fats solid at room temperature

Answer 78

saturated

Question 79

fatty acids that makes fats liquid at room temperature

Answer 79

unsaturated

Question 80

if the fat molecule lacks only one pair of hydrogen atoms it is said to be

Answer 80

monounsaturated

Question 81

if the fat molecule lacks two or more hydrogen atoms pair it is said to be

Answer 81

polyunsaturated

Question 82

the two essential fatty acids in the human diet

Answer 82

linoleic acid and alpha-linoleic acid

Question 83

a buildup of plaque inside blood vessels

Answer 83

atherosclerosis

Question 84

high blood pressure

Answer 84

hypertension

Question 85

Fats and other lipids are transported through the bloodstream in "packages" of fats and protein

Answer 85

lipoproteins

Question 86

fats should supply about ________ of your total calories

Answer 86

25% - 35%

Question 87

substances that neutralize harmful molecules also called as free radicals

Answer 87

antioxidants

Question 88

disease caused by a lack of some substance in the diet

Answer 88

deficiency disease

Question 89

a vital to energy production

Answer 89

Magnesium

Question 90

minerals that become electrically charged when dissolved in fluids, including body fluids

Answer 90

electrocytes