Chapter 1 (research methods)

Question 1

Aim

Answer 1

A statement outlining the purpose of an investigation. “to test the effect of [IV] on [DV].

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

A testable prediction that identifies the population, and the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables

Question 3

Variable

Answer 3

A condition or component of an experiment that can be measured or manipulated.

Question 4

Population

Answer 4

the group of people
who are the focus of the
research and from which
the sample is drawn

Question 5

Independent variable

Answer 5

The variable that is manipulated by the experimenter

Question 6

dependent variable

Answer 6

the variable that is being measured to test the effect of the independent variable

Question 7

controlled variable

Answer 7

the variable that the experimenter keeps consistent

Question 8

Experiment

Answer 8

When a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables is measured in a controlled environment.

Question 9

between subjects design

Answer 9

Exposing participants to only one experimental condition

Question 10

within-subjects design

Answer 10

Exposes participants to both experimental conditions

Question 11

Mixed subject design

Answer 11

A procedure for collecting and analysing quantitative and qualitative research in a single study

Question 12

case study

Answer 12

An in-depth study of a particular activity, behaviour, event, or problem.
- Very detailed data
- Rare cases the cannot be experimented on
Difficult to generalise

Question 13

fieldwork

Answer 13

Observing and interacting with an environment in a naturalistic setting
- Natural human behaviour
Subject to judgments and bias

Question 14

Experimental group

Answer 14

the group of participants in an experiment who are exposed to a manipulated independent variable

Question 15

Control group

Answer 15

the group of participants in an
experiment who receive no experimental treatment or intervention to serve as a baseline for comparison

Question 16

population

Answer 16

the group of people who are the focus of the research and from which the sample is drawn

Question 17

sample

Answer 17

A subset of the population who participate in the study

Question 18

control variable

Answer 18

that which remains constant in an experiment

Question 19

Extraneous variable

Answer 19

a variable that has an unwanted effect of the results but which is accounted/controlled for in an experiment.

Question 20

Confounding variable

Answer 20

a variable that has an unwanted effect on the DV that was unaccounted for

Question 21

primary data

Answer 21

the data that is sourced first-hand

Question 22

Secondary data

Answer 22

sourced through someone else’s research

Question 23

True value

Answer 23

The value or range of values, that would be found if that quantity could be measured perfectly.

Question 24

Accuracy

Answer 24

how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity being measured.

Question 25

Precision

Answer 25

how closely a set of measurement values agree with each other

Question 26

Repeatability

Answer 26

IF THE STUDY IS REPLICATED EXACTLY, WILL THE RESULTS BE THE SAME?
the extent to which successive measurements or studies produce the same results when carried out under identical conditions within a short period of time (e.g. same
procedure, observer, instrument, instructions, and setting)

Question 27

Reproducibility

Answer 27

IF THE STUDY IS CONDUCTED UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS, WOULD THE RESULTS BE THE SAME?
the extent to which successive measurements or studies produce the same results when repeated under different conditions (e.g. different participants, time, observer, and/or environmental conditions)