Chapter 1: Representation of Geographical Features Flashcards
With reference to contours, explain
A Gentle Slope
A gentle slope is indicated or represented by contours that are drawn far away from one another.
With reference to contours, explain
A Steep Slope
A steep slope is indicated by contours that are drawn close to one another.
With reference to contours, explain
Conical Hills
A conical hill with a narrow top but uniform slope has concentric contours at regular intervals.
With reference to contours, explain
Plateau
- A plateau is a large area of flat land like a table top that is higher than a surrounding area.
- A plateau is shown on a map as an area with few contour lines that are placed close together on all sides, while there are none or few in the centre, showing a flat land. The value of contours increases towards the top surface.
With reference to contours, explain
Ridge
- A ridge may be described as a long and narrow elevation. It has steep slopes on either side.
- It stands apart from the land that surrounds it. It may have many peaks of various elevations.
- Rivers that flow down narrow valleys find a watershed in a ridge.
- The contours of a ridge are oval and close to each other. Such contours indicate steepness.
With reference to contours, explain
A Col
- A col is the lowest point between two peaks on a mountain ridge. It usually lies on the line of the watershed between two mountains.
- It is formed when land has been cut between two streams in a watershed.
- A drop in the height of the contours is its identification mark.
With reference to contours, explain
A Gap
A gap is usually occupied by a river. It is a low-lying depression or a valley which cuts through a range of hills
With reference to contours, explain
A Pass
- A pass is an opening between two peaks in a range of hills. A mountain may be formed naturally between two volcanic peaks.
- Rainfall and running water from melting snow contribute to
the formation of a mountain pass. - A pass can be identified by a drop in the height of contours.
With reference to contours, explain
A Saddle
- A saddle has two peaks or summits that are separated by a dip in the land.
- The land is shaped like the saddle of a horse.
- It is shown by two sets of contour lines with a gap between
them.
Which organisation has developed the toposheet of India?
one word
The Survey of India
What are the features of topographic maps?
Features included in a topographic map:
* Relief: Mountains, valleys, cliffs, depressions.
* Hydrography: Rivers, streams, lakes, swamps.
* Vegetation: Wooded and cleared area.
* Cultural: Roads, buildings, names of places, administrative boundaries.
What do contour lines show?
Contour lines show height above sea level.
What feature is represented by circular, concentric contour lines?
one word
Conical Hills
Differentiate between
Small-scale maps and large-scale maps
Small scale maps:
* These maps show large areas of land on a small space, ie. they represent large areas that could be viewed at a glance. But in these maps, the extent of detail is generalised.
* Eg: Wall Maps, Atlas Maps.
Large scale maps:
* These are carefully prepared maps in which small areas are surveyed in detail to record man-made and natural features.
* Eg: Topographical Maps, Cadastral Maps.
Differentiate between
Temporary and permanent settlements
Temporary Settlements:
* On toposheets, these are represented by blank red squares.
* These settlements are found in harsh climatic areas where hunting, food gathering and shifting agriculture are practised.
Permanent settlements:
* On toposheets they are represented by filled red squares.
* These are homes built by people where they can live for a long time. In India, thick, densely populated areas such as the Indo-Gangetic Plains are permanently settled.
Differentiate between
Steep slope and gentle slope
Steep Slope:
Contour lines spaced close together represent a steep slope.
Gentle slope:
Contour lines spaced far apart indicate a gentle slope.
Differentiate between
Linear and nucleated settlements
Linear settlements:
These are settlements strung out along a road, canal or stream, or as a line along foothills. They are also called ribbon settlements.
Nucleated settlements:
This form of settlement is generally clustered around a well or temple or a junction of roads. These are generally important village settlements with respect to function, size and facilities offered.
Differentiate between
Contour interval and vertical interval
Contour Interval (CI):
This is the difference in height between two consecutive contours.
Vertical Interval (VI):
This is the vertical distance between any two contour lines.
Cartography
The study of map making.
Contour Lines
Lines joining places of the same height above sea level. They are drawn in brown colour.
Topographical Maps
Detailed maps of all natural and man-made topographical features.
