Chapter 1 Reconstruction

Question 1

Black codes

Answer 1

laws some southern states designed to maintain White supremacy by keeping freed people impoverished and in debt

Question 2

carpetbagger

Answer 2

a term used for northerners working in the South during Reconstruction; it implied that these were opportunists who came for south economic or political gain

Question 3

Compromise 1877

Answer 3

the agreement between Republicans and Democrats, after the contested election of 1876, in which Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the presidency in exchange for withdrawing the last of the federal troops from the South

Question 4

crop-lien system

Answer 4

a loan system in which store owners extended credit to farmers for the purchase of goods in exchange for a portion of their future crops

Question 5

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 5

the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, which was created in 1865 to ease Black peoples’ transition from slavery to freedom

Question 6

Ironclad Oath

Answer 6

an oath that the Wade-Davis Bill required a majority of voters and government officials in Confederate states to take; it involved swearing that they had never supported the Confederacy

Question 7

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 7

a White vigilante organization that engaged in terroristic violence with the aim of stopping Reconstruction

Question 8

Radical Republicans

Answer 8

northern Republicans who contested Lincoln’s treatment of Confederate states and proposed harsher punishments

Question 9

Reconstruction

Answer 9

the twelve-year period after the Civil War in which the rebel Southern states were integrated back into the Union

Question 10

redeemers

Answer 10

a term used for southern White people committed to rolling back the gains of Reconstruction

Question 11

scalawags

Answer 11

a pejorative term used for southern White people who supported Reconstruction

Question 12

sharecropping

Answer 12

a crop-lien system in which people paid rent on land they farmed (but did not own) with the crops they grew

Question 13

ten percent plan

Answer 13

Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan, which required only 10 percent of the 1860 voters in Confederate states to take an oath of allegiance to the Union

Question 14

Union Leagues

Answer 14

fraternal groups loyal to the Union and the Republican Party that became political and civic centers for Black people in former Confederate states