Chapter 1: Psychopathology in Historical Context

Question 1

A psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impatient in functioning and a response that is not typically or culturally expected

Answer 1

Psychological disorder

Question 2

a psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation

Answer 2

phobia

Question 3

it is a psychological dysfunction within an individual that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected

Answer 3

Abnormal behavior

Question 4

the scientific study of psychological disorder

Answer 4

Psychopathology

Question 5

mental health workers who are expected to apply scientific methods to their work

Answer 5

Scientist Practitioners

Question 6

original complaints reported by the client to the therapist. The actual treated problem may sometimes be by a modification deceived from presenting the problem

Answer 6

Presenting problems

Question 7

Details of combination of behaviors, thought,and feelings of an individual that make up a particular disorder

Answer 7

Clinical description

Question 8

number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time

Answer 8

Prevalence

Question 9

the number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period

Answer 9

Incidence

Question 10

pattern of development and change of a disorder over time

Answer 10

Course

Question 11

predicted future development of a disorder over time

Answer 11

Prognosis

Question 12

the study of origins has to do with why disorder begins and includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions

Answer 12

Etiology

Question 13

a religious ritual that attributes disordered behavior to possession by demons and seeks to treat the individuals by driving the demos from the body

Answer 13

Exorcism

Question 14

treatment practices that focus on social and cultural factors as well as psychological influence. These approaches include cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal methods

Answer 14

psychosocial treatment

Question 15

a psychosocial approach in the 19th century involved treating patients as normally as possible in a normal environment

Answer 15

Moral therapy

Question 16

a mid-19th century effort to improve the care of mental disorders by informing the public of their mistreatment

Answer 16

Mental hygiene movement

Question 17

psychoanalysis assessment and therapy, which emphasizes exploration of, and insight into, unconscious processes and conflict, pioneered by Freud

Answer 17

Psychoanalysis

Question 18

exploration of human behavior including dysfunction, based on principle of learning and adaptive derided from experimental psychology

Answer 18

Behaviorism

Question 19

part of the psychic makeup that is outside the awareness of the person

Answer 19

unconscious

Question 20

rapid or sudden release of emotional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 20

catharsis

Question 21

a complex and comprehensive theory originally advanced by Freud that seeks to account for the development and structure of personality, as well as the origin of abnormal behavior, based primarily on inferred inner entities and forces

Answer 21

Psychoanalytic model

Question 22

the unconscious psychical entity present at birth representing basic sexual and aggressive drive

Answer 22

id

Question 23

the psychical entity representing the internalized moral principles of parents and society

Answer 23

superego

Question 24

the struggle among the id, ego, and superego

Answer 24

intrapsychic conflict

Question 25

common patterns of behavior often adaptive coping styles when they occur in moderation, observed in response to particular situations. These thought to be unconscious processes originating in the ego

Answer 25

defense mechanisms

Question 26

the sequence of phrases a person passes through during development. Each stage is named for the location on the body where id gratification is maximal at the time

Answer 26

psychosexual stages of development

Question 27

the fear in young boys that they will be mutilate genitally because of their lust for their mother

Answer 27

Castration anxiety

Question 28

derived from psychoanalytic, this theory emphasizes the role of the ego in development and attributes psychological disorder to the failure of the ego to manage impulses and internal conflict

Answer 28

ego psychology

Question 29

obsolete psychodynamic term of psychological disorder thought to result from unconscious conflicts and the anxiety they cause

Answer 29

Neurosis

Question 30

derived from psychoanalytic, the theory emphasizes the role of the ego in development and attributed psychological disorders to the failure of the ego to manage impulse and internal conflict

Answer 30

self psychology

Question 31

modern development in psychodynamic theory involves the study of how children incorporate the memories and values of people who are close and important to them

Answer 31

object relations

Question 32

accumulated wisdom of a culture collected and remember
across generations, a psychodynamic concept introduced by Carl Jung

Answer 32

collective unconscious

Question 33

psychoanalytic therapy techniques intend to explore threatening material represses in the unconscious. The patient is instructed to say whatever comes to mind without censoring

Answer 33

free association

Question 34

psychoanalytic therapy method in which dream content are examined as symbolic of impulse and intrapsychic conflict

Answer 34

dream analysis

Question 35

therapist who practices psychoanalysis after earning either an M.D. or Ph.D. degree and receiving additional specialized postdoctoral training

Answer 35

psychoanalyst

Question 36

psychoanalysis concept suggesting that clients may seek to relate to the therapist as they do import authority figures, particularly their parents

Answer 36

Transference

Question 37

contemporary version of psychoanalytic that still emphasizes unconscious processes and conflict but is briefer and more focuses on specific problems

Answer 37

psychodynamic psychotherapy

Question 38

process emphasis in humanistic psychology in which people strive to achieve their highest potential against difficult life experience

Answer 38

Self-actualizing

Question 39

therapy method in which the client, rather than the counselor primarily directs the course of the discussions, seeking self-discovery and self-responsibility

Answer 39

person-centered therapy

Question 40

acceptance by the counselor of the client feeling and action without judgement or condemnation

Answer 40

unconditional positive regard

Question 41

model that combines insight from the behavioral, cognitive, and social learning models which brought the systematic development of a more scientific approach to the psychological aspect of psychopathology

Answer 41

cognitive-behavior model

Question 42

fundamental learning process first describe by Pavlov

Answer 42

Classical conditioning

Question 43

nonscientific approach to the study of psychology involving systematic attempts to report thoughts and feelings that specific stimuli evoked

Answer 43

introspection

Question 44

behavioral therapy technique to diminish excessive fears, involving gradual exposure to the feared coping experience, usually relaxation

Answer 44

systematic desensitization

Question 45

an array of therapy methods based on the principle of behavior and cognitive science, as well as the principle of learning as applied to clinical problems. It considered specific behaviors rather than inferred conflict as legitimate target for changes

Answer 45

behavior therapy

Question 46

consequences for behavior that strengthens it or increases its frequency

Answer 46

reinforcements

Question 47

the development of a new response by reinforcing successively more by a similar version of the response. Both desirable and undesirable behaviors may be learned in this manner

Answer 47

Shaping