Chapter 1: Psychopathology in Historical Context Flashcards
A psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impatient in functioning and a response that is not typically or culturally expected
Psychological disorder
a psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation
phobia
it is a psychological dysfunction within an individual that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected
Abnormal behavior
the scientific study of psychological disorder
Psychopathology
mental health workers who are expected to apply scientific methods to their work
Scientist Practitioners
original complaints reported by the client to the therapist. The actual treated problem may sometimes be by a modification deceived from presenting the problem
Presenting problems
Details of combination of behaviors, thought,and feelings of an individual that make up a particular disorder
Clinical description
number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time
Prevalence
the number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period
Incidence
pattern of development and change of a disorder over time
Course
predicted future development of a disorder over time
Prognosis
the study of origins has to do with why disorder begins and includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions
Etiology
a religious ritual that attributes disordered behavior to possession by demons and seeks to treat the individuals by driving the demos from the body
Exorcism
treatment practices that focus on social and cultural factors as well as psychological influence. These approaches include cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal methods
psychosocial treatment
a psychosocial approach in the 19th century involved treating patients as normally as possible in a normal environment
Moral therapy
a mid-19th century effort to improve the care of mental disorders by informing the public of their mistreatment
Mental hygiene movement
psychoanalysis assessment and therapy, which emphasizes exploration of, and insight into, unconscious processes and conflict, pioneered by Freud
Psychoanalysis
exploration of human behavior including dysfunction, based on principle of learning and adaptive derided from experimental psychology
Behaviorism
part of the psychic makeup that is outside the awareness of the person
unconscious
rapid or sudden release of emotional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytic therapy
catharsis
a complex and comprehensive theory originally advanced by Freud that seeks to account for the development and structure of personality, as well as the origin of abnormal behavior, based primarily on inferred inner entities and forces
Psychoanalytic model
the unconscious psychical entity present at birth representing basic sexual and aggressive drive
id
the psychical entity representing the internalized moral principles of parents and society
superego
the struggle among the id, ego, and superego
intrapsychic conflict
common patterns of behavior often adaptive coping styles when they occur in moderation, observed in response to particular situations. These thought to be unconscious processes originating in the ego
defense mechanisms
the sequence of phrases a person passes through during development. Each stage is named for the location on the body where id gratification is maximal at the time
psychosexual stages of development
the fear in young boys that they will be mutilate genitally because of their lust for their mother
Castration anxiety
derived from psychoanalytic, this theory emphasizes the role of the ego in development and attributes psychological disorder to the failure of the ego to manage impulses and internal conflict
ego psychology
obsolete psychodynamic term of psychological disorder thought to result from unconscious conflicts and the anxiety they cause
Neurosis
derived from psychoanalytic, the theory emphasizes the role of the ego in development and attributed psychological disorders to the failure of the ego to manage impulse and internal conflict
self psychology
modern development in psychodynamic theory involves the study of how children incorporate the memories and values of people who are close and important to them
object relations
accumulated wisdom of a culture collected and remember
across generations, a psychodynamic concept introduced by Carl Jung
collective unconscious
psychoanalytic therapy techniques intend to explore threatening material represses in the unconscious. The patient is instructed to say whatever comes to mind without censoring
free association
psychoanalytic therapy method in which dream content are examined as symbolic of impulse and intrapsychic conflict
dream analysis
therapist who practices psychoanalysis after earning either an M.D. or Ph.D. degree and receiving additional specialized postdoctoral training
psychoanalyst
psychoanalysis concept suggesting that clients may seek to relate to the therapist as they do import authority figures, particularly their parents
Transference
contemporary version of psychoanalytic that still emphasizes unconscious processes and conflict but is briefer and more focuses on specific problems
psychodynamic psychotherapy
process emphasis in humanistic psychology in which people strive to achieve their highest potential against difficult life experience
Self-actualizing
therapy method in which the client, rather than the counselor primarily directs the course of the discussions, seeking self-discovery and self-responsibility
person-centered therapy
acceptance by the counselor of the client feeling and action without judgement or condemnation
unconditional positive regard
model that combines insight from the behavioral, cognitive, and social learning models which brought the systematic development of a more scientific approach to the psychological aspect of psychopathology
cognitive-behavior model
fundamental learning process first describe by Pavlov
Classical conditioning
nonscientific approach to the study of psychology involving systematic attempts to report thoughts and feelings that specific stimuli evoked
introspection
behavioral therapy technique to diminish excessive fears, involving gradual exposure to the feared coping experience, usually relaxation
systematic desensitization
an array of therapy methods based on the principle of behavior and cognitive science, as well as the principle of learning as applied to clinical problems. It considered specific behaviors rather than inferred conflict as legitimate target for changes
behavior therapy
consequences for behavior that strengthens it or increases its frequency
reinforcements
the development of a new response by reinforcing successively more by a similar version of the response. Both desirable and undesirable behaviors may be learned in this manner
Shaping
