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Psychology 111 > Chapter 1 - Psychology's Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Psychology's Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Plato’s contribution?

A

Nativism

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2
Q

Nativism

A

a philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn

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3
Q

What was Aristotle’s Contribution?

A

Philosophical Empiricism. A child’s mind was tabula rasa.

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4
Q

Tabula Rasa

A

blank slate - related to Aristotle and John Locke

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5
Q

What was John Locke best known for?

A

Tabula Rasa

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6
Q

Philosophical Empiricism

A

The view that all knowledge is acquired through experience.

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7
Q

What is the current debate between nativism and empiricism known as?

A

Nature vs. Nurture

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8
Q

What is Rene Descartes best known for?

A
  • Dualism

- Mind and Body are separate

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9
Q

Dualism

A

How mental activity can be reconciled and coordinated with physical behaviour. Mind and Brain are separated but work together.

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10
Q

What is the percentage to which behaviour is nurture and to which it is nature?

A

It is agreed that the percentage that each contributes is 50%.

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11
Q

What is Thomas Hobbes best known for?

A

He was the first to link the mind to the brain.

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12
Q

What is Franz Joesph Gall best known for?

A

Phrenology - oserved brain size and damage in relation to intelligence and disease.

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13
Q

Phrenology

A

a now descredited theory that specific mental abilities/characteristics are localized in specific regionsof the brain.

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14
Q

What is Marie Jean Pierre Flourens best known for?

A

A physican who surgically removed specific parts of the brain and noted behavioural differences

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15
Q

What is Paul Broca best known for?

A

Realized damage to a specific part of the brain impaired a specific function

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16
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Small part on left side of motor cortex responsible for speech

17
Q

Structuralism

A

Started in Germany as the first school of psychology.

The analysis of the basic elements that constitue the mind not concerned with brain structure

18
Q

How is structuralism connected to Chemistry and Physics?

A

All trying to break complex compounds into similar elements

19
Q

What is Herman Helmholtz best known for?

A

Work with reaction times to measure the mind. Hypothesized about nerve fibres.

20
Q

Mass Action

A

Brain operates as a whole and cannot be seperated into different parts

21
Q

What is Carl Ashley known for?

A

Mass Action

22
Q

What is Wilhelm Wundt known for?

A

Structualism and introspection

-Started first Psychology lab

23
Q

Introspection

A

the subjective observation of one’s own experience

24
Q

What is Edward Titchner known for?

A

Forcussed on elemental qualities of consciousness. Student of Wundt’s.

25
Q

What is William James known for?

A

Functionalism. Inspired by Darwin.

26
Q

Functionalism

A

Study of how mental processes enable people to adapt. What is the brain “good for”?

27
Q

What is G. Stanley Hall known for?

A

Focussed on development and education with influences from evolutionary thinking. Children devlope through stages that repeat humanity’s evolutionary history.

28
Q

What is James Mark Baldwin known for?

A

Focussed on infant development. Establish psychology lab in Canada

29
Q

Why did Structuralism fail?

A

Methods didn’t produce replicable observations

Psychology 111 (1 decks)

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