Chapter 1 - Psychological Foundations Flashcards
Psychology
Scientific study of the mind and behavior with the use of the scientific method to acquire knowledge.
Empirical Method
used for acquiring knowledge; based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical arguments or previous authorities.
In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a
Proposed Explanation
Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in
Philosophy
Who was the first man to be considered a “psychologist”
Wilhelm Wundt
What was Wundts definition of psychology and what method of examination did he use
the scientific study of the conscious experience. Used introspection and the notion of voluntarism
What school of psychology did Wundt develop and who further developed upon his ideas?
Structuralism and Edward Titchner
What is structuralism
examining the contents(components) of mental processes rather than their function.
Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener’s approach to asking patients to look inward and describe their feelings were a part of their broader strategy to understand consciousness. This was called:
Structuralism
Who was William James?
First American psychologist who introduced Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection and accepted it as an explanation of the characteristics of an organism
What was william james definition of psychology
the study of the function of behavior in the world.
William James’s focus on how mental activities help a person adapt to his or her environment is known as:
Functionalism
Who focused on examining the physiology of one’s behavior and other psychological aspects of the mind.
William James
In the late 19th century, the early school of psychology that was heavily influenced by biology was:
Functionalism
This psychologist argued that psychology is independent of philosophy. He believed that the conscious elements of the mind should be scientifically studied and classified:
Wilhelm Wundt
Which school of psychology was more likely to focus on the operation of the entire mind instead of the specific parts:
Functionalism
Who was sigmund Freud
Austrian neurologist who was fascinated with patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis.
What was Freuds definition of the unconsious mind
was a repository of feelings and urges that we have NO awareness of!
What was ultimately the most important truth derived from freuds work?
Early childhood experience do have some influences on how our personalities are shaped
What is psychoanalytic theory
Focused on the role of a person’s unconscious mind, as well as early childhood experiences.
What was the structure of the ID, the ego, and the superego
ID- unconsious part; cauldron of raw drives for sex/aggression
Ego-both consious and unconscious elements, realistic and reasonable part of personality.
Superego- a persons unconscious, which develops early in life and is learned from parents
What is psychoanalytic psychology:
Sigmund Freud’s school of psychology believed a person’s unconscious or early childhood memories could help a person experiencing anxiety or depression.
Who were three german psychologists that immigrated to the US and introduced Gestalt Principles
Max Wertheimer(1880-1943), Kurt Koffka(1886-1941), Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967)
What was gestalt psychology?
, a major emphasis of gestalt psychology deals with the fact that although the sensory experience can be broken down into its individual parts, how those parts relate to one another is often what the individual responds to in perception.
Who said “ the who is other than the sum of its parts”
Koffka
Psychoanalytic theory
focused on the role of the unconscious and how it affected the conscious
Who was Ivan Pavlol and what form of learned behavior did he study
Russion psychologicst who studied a form of learning behavior called conditioned reflex.
