Chapter 1 - Psychological Foundations

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

Scientific study of the mind and behavior with the use of the scientific method to acquire knowledge.

Question 2

Empirical Method

Answer 2

used for acquiring knowledge; based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical arguments or previous authorities.

Question 3

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a

Answer 3

Proposed Explanation

Question 4

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in

Answer 4

Philosophy

Question 5

Who was the first man to be considered a “psychologist”

Answer 5

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 6

What was Wundts definition of psychology and what method of examination did he use

Answer 6

the scientific study of the conscious experience. Used introspection and the notion of voluntarism

Question 7

What school of psychology did Wundt develop and who further developed upon his ideas?

Answer 7

Structuralism and Edward Titchner

Question 8

What is structuralism

Answer 8

examining the contents(components) of mental processes rather than their function.

Question 9

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener’s approach to asking patients to look inward and describe their feelings were a part of their broader strategy to understand consciousness. This was called:

Answer 9

Structuralism

Question 10

Who was William James?

Answer 10

First American psychologist who introduced Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection and accepted it as an explanation of the characteristics of an organism

Question 11

What was william james definition of psychology

Answer 11

the study of the function of behavior in the world.

Question 12

William James’s focus on how mental activities help a person adapt to his or her environment is known as:

Answer 12

Functionalism

Question 13

Who focused on examining the physiology of one’s behavior and other psychological aspects of the mind.

Answer 13

William James

Question 14

In the late 19th century, the early school of psychology that was heavily influenced by biology was:

Answer 14

Functionalism

Question 15

This psychologist argued that psychology is independent of philosophy. He believed that the conscious elements of the mind should be scientifically studied and classified:

Answer 15

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 16

Which school of psychology was more likely to focus on the operation of the entire mind instead of the specific parts:

Answer 16

Functionalism

Question 17

Who was sigmund Freud

Answer 17

Austrian neurologist who was fascinated with patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis.

Question 18

What was Freuds definition of the unconsious mind

Answer 18

was a repository of feelings and urges that we have NO awareness of!

Question 19

What was ultimately the most important truth derived from freuds work?

Answer 19

Early childhood experience do have some influences on how our personalities are shaped

Question 20

What is psychoanalytic theory

Answer 20

Focused on the role of a person’s unconscious mind, as well as early childhood experiences.

Question 21

What was the structure of the ID, the ego, and the superego

Answer 21

ID- unconsious part; cauldron of raw drives for sex/aggression
Ego-both consious and unconscious elements, realistic and reasonable part of personality.
Superego- a persons unconscious, which develops early in life and is learned from parents

Question 22

What is psychoanalytic psychology:

Answer 22

Sigmund Freud’s school of psychology believed a person’s unconscious or early childhood memories could help a person experiencing anxiety or depression.

Question 23

Who were three german psychologists that immigrated to the US and introduced Gestalt Principles

Answer 23

Max Wertheimer(1880-1943), Kurt Koffka(1886-1941), Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967)

Question 24

What was gestalt psychology?

Answer 24

, a major emphasis of gestalt psychology deals with the fact that although the sensory experience can be broken down into its individual parts, how those parts relate to one another is often what the individual responds to in perception.

Question 25

Who said “ the who is other than the sum of its parts”

Answer 25

Koffka

Question 26

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 26

focused on the role of the unconscious and how it affected the conscious

Question 27

Who was Ivan Pavlol and what form of learned behavior did he study

Answer 27

Russion psychologicst who studied a form of learning behavior called conditioned reflex.