Chapter 1:Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins made up of?
proteins are complex molecules that contain mainly carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. These elements form the basic chemical units of proteins called amino acids. A protein molecule is formed when many amino acids are joined together by chemical bonds and molecular interactions.
Where does the digestion of protein molecules start?
the digestion of proteins begins in the stomach. partially digested proteins from the stomach are broken down into amino acids in the small intestine.
How many types of amino acids are there?
essential and non essential amino acids.
What are essential amino acids?
They are amino acids that the humna body is unable to prodiuce and they must be obtained from food.
What are non essential amino acids?
They are amino acids that the human body can produce and they need not be obtained from food.
What are the 9 essential amino acids?
Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine threonine Tryptophan Valine
What are the 11 non essential amino acids?
Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartic acid Cysteine Glutamic acid Glutamine Glycine Proline Serine Tyrosine
Define ´Biological value´
Biological value is the measure of how well a protein can be absorbed and used by the body. Dietary proteins are classified as having a high or low biological value.
What are complete proteins?
Proteins of a high biological value are also known as complete proteins. They supply the body with all the essential amino acids in the right amounts.
What are examples of complete proteins?
Beef, chicken, eggs, tilapia, milk, and soya beans are examples of high biological value proteins, which can be well absorbed by the body.
What are incomplete proteins?
Proteins of a low biological value are also known as incomplete proteins. They lack one or more essential amino acids that is required by the human body. With the exception of soya beans and quinoa, most plant proteins are of low biological value.
What are examples of food with low biological value?
Proteins of low biological value can be found in almonds, barley, dhal and sunflower seeds. These proteins are not as well absorbed and used by the body.
How are complementary proteins formed?
complementary proteins are formed by combining two or more low biological value proteins that the body obtains all the essential amino acids for various body functions.
What are the 2 food sources of proteins?
Plant sources and animals sources.
What are examples of food that are from plant sources that contain protein?
Pulses: Chickpeas, Green peas, Lentils, Mung Beans, red kidney beans, soya beans
Nuts and seeds: Cashew nuts, Macadamia nuts, Pistachio nuts, walnuts, lotus seeds, Melon seeds, Sesame seeds.
Grain products: Quinoa
WHat is examples of food that are from animal sources that contain protein?
Meat: Beef, chicken, pork
Eggs: Duck eggs, Hen eggs, Quail eggs
Dairy products: Cheese Full cream milk, Low-fat milk, Yoghurt
Seafood: Milkfish, Sardines, Seabass, Tilapia, MUssels, Oysters, Prawns
What are the fuinctions of Proteins in the body?
Growth and repair, Providing structure,immunity, Energy reserve, body movement.
Elaborate on the function of proteins: Growth and repair.
Proteins are important to support growth and maintain good health. Proteins are also needed for the body to repair and replace worn-out cells and tissues.
Elaborate on the function of proteins: Providing structure
proteins (e.g., collagen) are important components in the skin, nails, ligaments, muscles, tendons, and other tissues. They provide structure and internal support to the human body and organs.
Elaborate on the function of proteins: Transportation of nutrients, wastes and gases.
Proteins help to transport gases, nutrients, and wastes from one tissue to another in the body. For example, hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, delivers oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body
Elaborate on the function of proteins: Formation of enzymes
Enzymes are made of proteins and they are involved in chemical reactions of the body. For example, digestive enzymes are needed to break down large food molecules into smaller substances during digestion
Elaborate on the function of proteins: immunity.
Proteins are needed to support a strong immune system. Proteins in the form of antibodies protect the body against attacks by harmful microorganisms and foreign substances. An insufficient intake of protein weakens the body, causing one to fall sick easily.
Elaborate on the function of proteins: Energy reserve
proteins act as an energy reserve when there is an insufficient intake of carbohydrates and fats from the diet. During prolonged starvation, proteins in the body are forced to break down to supply energy due to depleted carbohydrates and fats stores. As a result, the body lack proteins to perform other important tasks, such as building muscles, fighting diseases and regulating body processes.
Elaborate on the function of proteins: Body movement
Proteins make up a huge portion of the muscles in the body. All body movements are enabled through muscles contraction.
