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Biology 181 > Chapter 1- Principles of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Principles of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Principle 1

A

cells- simplest unit of life;
cell theory: for all multicell organisms, pre-existing cells create new cells through cell division, cell= smallest thing for living organisms

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2
Q

Principle 2

A

living organisms use energy
cellular processes require energy
words related: metabolism, anabolism, catabolism

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3
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism; uses ATP as main fuel (for metabolic reactions)

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4
Q

anabolism

A

use of energy to build molecules ex: photosynthesis

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5
Q

catabolism

A

use of molecules to release energy ex: cellular respiration- use of stored energy

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6
Q

Principle 3

A

all living things interact with their environment - responsiveness

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7
Q

responsiveness

A

responding to your environment; ex: you are cold and you get up and go get a jacket

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8
Q

Principle 4

A

living organisms maintain homeostasis

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9
Q

homeostasis

A

stable internal conditions; organisms structure is maintained in these conditions

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10
Q

Principle 5

A

living organisms grow and develop

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11
Q

growth

A

more/ larger cells (size and weight)

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12
Q

differentiation

A

along with development= changing specialization, process of changing over time; not exactly growth

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13
Q

Principle 6

A

genetic material provides a blueprint for reproduction; heritable information; DNA for humans

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14
Q

Principle 7

A

Populations of organisms evolve from generations to the next; changes in population from the generation to the next; populations become better adapted to the environment

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15
Q

Principle 8

A

All species are related by an evolutionary theory backed up by evolutionary.

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16
Q

Principle 9

A

organism structure determines function; structure is maintained by homeostasis–proper function

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17
Q

Principle 10

A

New properties of life emerge from complex interactions. Suggests: selective pressure on population evolutionary changes comes from interactions with the environment.

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18
Q

Atoms

A

smallest unit of an element

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19
Q

Molecules

A

atoms combined

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20
Q

macromolecule

A

many smaller molecules bonded together to form a large polymer

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21
Q

Cells

A

macromolecules and molecules associate and form larger structures- (cell) surrounded by membrane

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22
Q

Tissues

A

multicellular organisms= many cells of the same type associate with each other to form tissues

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23
Q

Organs

A

composed of two different types of tissue

24
Q

Organism

A

any living thing classified as as belonging to a particular species

25
Q

Population

A

group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same environment

26
Q

Community

A

(biological) assemblage of population of different species that line in the same environment. types of species= determined by location and interaction of species.

27
Q

Ecosystem

A

formed by community and environment

28
Q

Biosphere

A

includes all places on Earth where living organisms exist in air, water, land, and soil.

29
Q

Vertical Evolution

A

new species evolve from preexisting ones by accumulation of Mutations

30
Q

Lineage

A

traditional way of studying evolution= examining progression of changes in a series of related ancestral species.

31
Q

Natural Selection

A

in a beneficial change, the frequency of mutation may increase in a population from one generation to the next.

32
Q

Horizontal Gene Transfer

A

process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without offspring

33
Q

Taxonomy

A

biology concerning grouping and classifying species from an evolutionary perspective, all forms of life can be in three categories domains.- three categories: bacteria, archaea, eukarya

34
Q

Bacteria

A

microorganisms; prokaryotic: cell structure is simple

35
Q

Archaea

A

cell structure simple

36
Q

Eukarya

A

cells with internal compartments that serve various functions; has nuclei

37
Q

Supergroups

A

Broad-small: Domain, supergroup, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

38
Q

Adaption

A

characteristic in a species that is the result of natural selection

39
Q

Sexual selection

A

type of natural selection that is directed at certain traits of sexually reproducing species, to make it more likely to have successful mating

40
Q

Biology definition of science

A

the observation, identification, experimental, investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomenon

41
Q

Model organisms

A

studied to compare results and determine principles that apply more broadly to other species

42
Q

Ecology

A

considers populations, communities, and ecosystems in study of organisms in their natural environment

43
Q

Anatomy Biology

A

researchers who study structures and functions of plants and animals

44
Q

Cell Biology

A

study of cells and their interactions

45
Q

Molecular Biology

A

focus on structure and function of molecules of life wanting to understand how biology works at molecular and atomic levels; through Reductionism

46
Q

Systems Biology

A

understanding how emergent properties arise from complex interactions

47
Q

Hypothesis

A

proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon; makes Predictions; needs to be Testable; if incorrect must be falsifiable

48
Q

Falsifiable

A

shown to be incorrect by additional research

49
Q

Theory

A

broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is sustained by a large body of evidence; viewed as knowledge; Biological theory incorporated observation, testing and laws of other disciplines

50
Q

Discovery-Based Science

A

the collection and analysis of data without having a pre-conceived hypothesis (info gathered which may lead to the formation of a new hypothesis

51
Q

Scientific Method

A

important info: observations– hypothesis to try–experimentation– data is analyzed–hypothesis is rejected or cannot be rejected

52
Q

Control Group

A

not subjected to a particular variable

53
Q

Experimental Group

A

subjected to variation for observation

54
Q

Repeatable

A

experiments are only valid if results are

55
Q

Peer-Review Process

A

peers will evaluate and comment on your work and approve/ make revisions

Biology 181 (1 decks)

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