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Biology 181 > Chapter 1- Principles of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Principles of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Principle 1

A

cells- simplest unit of life;
cell theory: for all multicell organisms, pre-existing cells create new cells through cell division, cell= smallest thing for living organisms

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2
Q

Principle 2

A

living organisms use energy
cellular processes require energy
words related: metabolism, anabolism, catabolism

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3
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism; uses ATP as main fuel (for metabolic reactions)

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4
Q

anabolism

A

use of energy to build molecules ex: photosynthesis

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5
Q

catabolism

A

use of molecules to release energy ex: cellular respiration- use of stored energy

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6
Q

Principle 3

A

all living things interact with their environment - responsiveness

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7
Q

responsiveness

A

responding to your environment; ex: you are cold and you get up and go get a jacket

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8
Q

Principle 4

A

living organisms maintain homeostasis

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9
Q

homeostasis

A

stable internal conditions; organisms structure is maintained in these conditions

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10
Q

Principle 5

A

living organisms grow and develop

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11
Q

growth

A

more/ larger cells (size and weight)

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12
Q

differentiation

A

along with development= changing specialization, process of changing over time; not exactly growth

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13
Q

Principle 6

A

genetic material provides a blueprint for reproduction; heritable information; DNA for humans

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14
Q

Principle 7

A

Populations of organisms evolve from generations to the next; changes in population from the generation to the next; populations become better adapted to the environment

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15
Q

Principle 8

A

All species are related by an evolutionary theory backed up by evolutionary.

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16
Q

Principle 9

A

organism structure determines function; structure is maintained by homeostasis–proper function

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17
Q

Principle 10

A

New properties of life emerge from complex interactions. Suggests: selective pressure on population evolutionary changes comes from interactions with the environment.

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18
Q

Atoms

A

smallest unit of an element

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19
Q

Molecules

A

atoms combined

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20
Q

macromolecule

A

many smaller molecules bonded together to form a large polymer

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21
Q

Cells

A

macromolecules and molecules associate and form larger structures- (cell) surrounded by membrane

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22
Q

Tissues

A

multicellular organisms= many cells of the same type associate with each other to form tissues

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23
Q

Organs

A

composed of two different types of tissue

24
Q

Organism

A

any living thing classified as as belonging to a particular species

25
Population
group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same environment
26
Community
(biological) assemblage of population of different species that line in the same environment. types of species= determined by location and interaction of species.
27
Ecosystem
formed by community and environment
28
Biosphere
includes all places on Earth where living organisms exist in air, water, land, and soil.
29
Vertical Evolution
new species evolve from preexisting ones by accumulation of Mutations
30
Lineage
traditional way of studying evolution= examining progression of changes in a series of related ancestral species.
31
Natural Selection
in a beneficial change, the frequency of mutation may increase in a population from one generation to the next.
32
Horizontal Gene Transfer
process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without offspring
33
Taxonomy
biology concerning grouping and classifying species from an evolutionary perspective, all forms of life can be in three categories domains.- three categories: bacteria, archaea, eukarya
34
Bacteria
microorganisms; prokaryotic: cell structure is simple
35
Archaea
cell structure simple
36
Eukarya
cells with internal compartments that serve various functions; has nuclei
37
Supergroups
Broad-small: Domain, supergroup, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
38
Adaption
characteristic in a species that is the result of natural selection
39
Sexual selection
type of natural selection that is directed at certain traits of sexually reproducing species, to make it more likely to have successful mating
40
Biology definition of science
the observation, identification, experimental, investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomenon
41
Model organisms
studied to compare results and determine principles that apply more broadly to other species
42
Ecology
considers populations, communities, and ecosystems in study of organisms in their natural environment
43
Anatomy Biology
researchers who study structures and functions of plants and animals
44
Cell Biology
study of cells and their interactions
45
Molecular Biology
focus on structure and function of molecules of life wanting to understand how biology works at molecular and atomic levels; through Reductionism
46
Systems Biology
understanding how emergent properties arise from complex interactions
47
Hypothesis
proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon; makes Predictions; needs to be Testable; if incorrect must be falsifiable
48
Falsifiable
shown to be incorrect by additional research
49
Theory
broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is sustained by a large body of evidence; viewed as knowledge; Biological theory incorporated observation, testing and laws of other disciplines
50
Discovery-Based Science
the collection and analysis of data without having a pre-conceived hypothesis (info gathered which may lead to the formation of a new hypothesis
51
Scientific Method
important info: observations-- hypothesis to try--experimentation-- data is analyzed--hypothesis is rejected or cannot be rejected
52
Control Group
not subjected to a particular variable
53
Experimental Group
subjected to variation for observation
54
Repeatable
experiments are only valid if results are
55
Peer-Review Process
peers will evaluate and comment on your work and approve/ make revisions

Biology 181 (1 decks)

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