Chapter 1 - Principle of Risk Management Flashcards
1.1 what is credit risk?
Risk of financial loss resulting from a borrower’s failure to repay a loan.
what is operational risk?
Risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people or systems, or external events.
what is enterprise risk?
Risk to the organization, such as not being able to achieve objectives.
what is strategic risk (internal)
strategy, management, internal compliance.
who are the strategic risk-takers? the robust processes
CEO and senior managers - formulate a strategy for the firm that requires certain risks to be taken and avoided.
what is strategic risk (external)
Arises in unforeseen changes in the global economy, competitive environment and social/market forces.
what is a risk register?
Allows firms to document and track risks that could impact an organization.
what is risk appetite?
How much risk the organization is willing to take
Difference between risk and uncertainty
Risk = situations that can be estimated and allows predictions/planning
Uncertainty = probability of outcomes are unknown, difficult to plan
What is the simple framework for managing risk?
- Risk Policies and governance at board level
- Risk oversight - often performed by the business unit (first line of defense) with results and actions plan reported to independent risk management function
- Day-to-day Risk management - must be owned by business units, not risk function.
what does risk oversight include?
- done by the business unit (1st line) and results go to independent risk management function
- process = identify, assess, control, monitor
what does day-today risk management include
- must be inseparable to business, and must be owned by business units not risk function.
What is political risk?
Changes in government decisions which affects markets. It affects it by:
- change in price
- increase/decrease demand
- changes to regulatory environment
What are the risks from stakeholders/third-parties
- Parent company = owns enough for subsidiary (another
company) and owns more than one business. - significant holdings by investors who have voting rights
- large customers = managing relationship with clients
who are third-parties?
IT, regulators, solicitors, brokers, advisers
what are the ESG risks?
Environmental = climate change, natural resources
Social = human capital, product liability, stakeholders
Governance = corporate governance, corporate behavior
which committee ensures ESG is central to a company risk?
Committee of sponsoring organization of Treadway commission ( COSO Framework) they state “ create, preserve, sustain and realize value while improving their approach”
1.3.1 What is a PESTLE Analysis? how are external risks managed
Analysis on the macro environment in which a business operates. Political, environmental, social, technological, legal and economic.
what is a business process analysis?
Examining high-level business process, and describing both the internal low-level processes and external factors which can influence those processes.
1.5.1 What are the key internal drivers of risk?
Strategic , operational, financial
What is strategic risk? and the two forms
The European Banking Authority defines as the current or prospective risk to earnings and capital arising from changes.
Takes two forms:
- is the strategy right?
- is the strategy being properly implemented?
What is operational risk?
Bank for international Settlements (BIS) - Risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, systems and external events.
What is financial risk the three elements?
Credit - risk of loss from failure of counterparty to meet obligations
Market - risk of loss arising from changes in value of financial instruments
Liquidity - Risk that a firm has insufficient cash to meet obligations
1.1.6 How are the internal drivers of risk typically assessed?
- risk assessment workshops
- discussion with internal/external auditors
- stress testing - varying one input factor at a time
- scenario analysis - constructing realistic scenarios
1.1.7 Overlapping and interactive nature of external and internal risk drivers. Provide example of where they overlap, how to reduce the business risk of this example
Launch of new product
Reduce the business risk:
- market surveys
- market research
- R + D
- GAP analysis
- Test Marketing
- liaison with external shareholders
1.1.8 Define Risk culture?
Systems of values and behaviours present through an organisation that shapes risk decision.