Chapter 1. Plumbing Flashcards by James Andrew Andrew

Defined as the art and science of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatus to convey and supply water in bldgs. and to dispose and discharge wastewater and other liquids, gases, and other substances from the bldgs. in a safe, orderly, healthy, and sanitary way to ensure the health and sanitation of life and property.

Plumbing

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The concept and importance of plumbing became more defined and appreciated during the ___.

Greco-Roman civilization

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The water system of Rome.

Roman Aqueduct

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A title given to a person skilled in the field of sanitation; derived from the ancient Roman word, “plumbarius” which was taken from the Latin word, “plumbum.”

Plumber

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An individual who worked in the sanitary field of ancient Rome.

Plumbarius

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A Latin word referring to “lead”, a metal used as a plumbing material.

Plumbum

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also called “plumbum”; is used in plumbing due to its malleability and resistance to acid.

Lead

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What are the objectives of plumbing?

(1) to supply water to different. parts of the bldg.;

(2) to remove and discharge human wastes and other substances out of the bldg. into the public sewer or septic tank.

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What are the conditions of an effective water supply in the bldg.?

(1) to provide a sufficient amount of water to supply each fixture;

(2) to prevent backflow of used water into the water supply system.

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What should a drainage system accomplish?

(1) fast removal of the waste with a min. probability of leakage and stoppage of drains;

(2) to prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious gases into the bldg. from the piping system.

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All plumbing designs and installations are governed by a set of rules and limitations prescribed by the ____.

National Plumbing Code

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A type of waste that is being discharged by the water closet.

Solid Waste

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A type of waste that is coming from various fixtures.

Liquid Waste

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A type of drainage pipe that conveys waste from various fixtures other than the water closet.

Waste Pipe

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A type of drainage pipe that conveys waste coming from the water closet.

Soil Pipe

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A type of drainage pipe that can accept wastes from water closets and fixtures.

Soil Pipe

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D in drainage installation or DWV stands for ___.

DRAINAGE of solid waste

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W in drainage installation or DWV stands for ___.

WASTE coming from various fixtures other than the water closet

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V in drainage installation or DWV stands for ___.

VENTILATION of the piping system

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A ___ in a water supply system, is the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the LOWEST opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the FLOOD LEVEL RIM of the receptacle.

Air Gap

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Is the flow of water or other liquid mixture/substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water from any source, other than its intended source.

Back flow

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Refers to the back flow of used contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply due to a negative pressure such as a pipe.

Back siphonage

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Refers to any group of 2 or more similar adjacent fixtures that discharges into a common horizontal waste pipe or soil branch.

Battery of Fixture

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Synonymous with faucet, cock, tap, plug, etc. The word “faucet” is preferred.

Bib

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A flange that closed the end of a pipe. There is no opening for the passage of water.

Blind Flange

A controlled outlet on a pipeline used to discharge water.

Blow off

Is any part of piping system other than the main riser or stack.

Branch

Is the length of a soil or waste stack corresponding in general to a storey height but in no case less than 2.40 meters w/in which the horizontal branches from one floor or storey of a bldg. are connected to the stack.

Branch Interval

Is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent.

Branch vent

Is plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials, that are pounded into the place or opening.

Calking or Caulking

Is a branch vent that serves 2 or more traps, and extends from the front of the last fixture connection of a horizontal branch to the vent stack.

Circuit Vent

Is a vertical vent that is a continuation of the drain to which the vent connects.

Continuous Vent

Is a fixture combining one sink and tray or a 2 or 3-compartment sink or tray in one vent.

Combination Fixtures

Is a specially designed system of waste piping embodying the horizontal wet venting of one or more sinks or floor drains by means of a common waste and vent pipe adequately sized to provide free movement of air above the flow line of the drain.

Combination Waste and Vent System

Is a drain from 2 or 3 fixtures connected to a single trap. It is also called a dual vent.

Common Vent

Is any physical connection between 2 otherwise separate piping system, one contains potable water, and the other from unknown or dangerous, whereby water may flow from one system to the other direction of flow depending on the pressure differential between the 2 systems.

Cross Connection

Is the extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end, permitting the stagnation of water or air therein.

Dead End

The length along the center of the pipe and fitting.

Developed Length

Refers to the nominal internal diameter (ID) of such pipe, except BRASS and COPPER tube where the term refers to the outside diameter (OD) of the pipe.

Diameter or Diameter of a pipe or tube

It includes all piping within the public or private premises that conveys sewage, rainwater, or other liquid waste, to a legal point of disposal. It does not include the mains of public sewer system, private or public sewerage treatment or disposal plant.

Drainage System

A vent that does not carry water or water borne wastes.

Dry Vent

Is a minimum cross-sectional area at the point of water supply discharge, measured or expressed in terms of the diameter of a circle. If the opening is not a circle, the diameter of a circle that is equivalent to the cross-sectional area; also applicable to the air gap.

Effective Opening

Shall apply to that portion of a plumbing system that has been installed and approved prior to the contemplated addition, alteration, or correction.

Existing Work

Is a pipe connecting several fixtures.

Fixture Branch

Is the drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with any other drain pipe.

Fixture Drain

Is a water supply pipe connecting the fixture to the fixture branch.

Fixture Supply

Is a quantity in terms of which the load-producing effects on the plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed on some arbitrarily chosen scale.

Fixture Units

Is the total discharge flow in gallons per minute of a simple fixture divided by 7.5 gallons that provide the flow rate of that particular plumbing fixture as a UNIT OF FLOW. Fixtures are rated as multiples of this unit of flow.

Fixture Unit Flow Rate

Is a device located inside the tank to maintain the water level for effective flushing of the water closet.

Flood Level

A metallic sleeve called or joined to an opening in pipe into which a plug is screwed that can be removed for the purposed of cleaning or examine the interior of the pipe.

Ferrule

Is a device located at the bottom of the tank for flushing water closets and similar fixtures.

Flush Valve

Is a device which discharges predetermined quantity of water to the fixture for flushing purposes activated by direct water pressure.

Flushometer Valve

Is the slope or fall of pipe in reference to a fraction of an inch per foot length of pipe.

Grade

A branch vent that performs its function for two or more traps.

Group Vent

Means any pipe or fitting which makes an angle of more than 45 deg. with the vertical.

Horizontal Pipe

Is the lowest portion of the inside of any pipe or conduit that is not vertical.

Invert

Is the discharge from any fixture, appliance, or appurtenance in connection with a plumbing system which does not receive fecal matter.

Liquid Waste

Is a pipe on the fixture side of the trap thru which a vapor or foul air is removed from a room or fixture.

Local Vent Pipe

Is the same as circuit vent except that it loops back and connects with a stack vent instead of a vent stack.

Looped Vent

In plumbing, it is a secondary pipe. In sewage, a common sewer to which no other common sewer is tributary. It receives sewage only from the bldg. sewer.

Lateral