Chapter 1 - Pharmacology Basic Principles

Question 1

A drug that binds to the receptor, activates it, and causes a cellular response; elicits a response from the receptor

Answer 1

An agonist

Question 2

A drug that will bind to the receptor but inhibit its activation, preventing a cellular response; blocks endogenous ligand from activating receptor

Answer 2

An antagonist

Question 3

A drug that binds to the active site

Answer 3

Orthosteric

Question 4

A drug that does not bind to the active site, but still binds to the receptor

Answer 4

Allosteric

Question 5

ADME

Answer 5

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 6

Are allosteric agonists/inhibitors competitive or non-competitive?

Answer 6

non-competitive

Question 7

What does it mean when an agonist is “non-competitive”?

Answer 7

It cannot be overcome by a drug binding to the active site to achieve the desired result

Question 8

What does it mean when an agonist is “competitive”?

Answer 8

The agonist and inhibitor will bind to the same active site

Question 9

Can a competitive agonist/inhibitor be “overcome”? Why?

Answer 9

Yes because the agonist and inhibitor are both orthosteric and bind at the active site on the receptor

Question 10

When can an orthosteric antagonist be non-competitive with an agonist?

Answer 10

When the antagonist forms a bond, such as a covalent bond, with the active site on the receptor

Question 11

Full agonists vs. partial agonists

Answer 11

Partial agonists bind with less affinity; partial agonists act as antagonists in the presence of agonists. In the absence of agonists, partial agonists produce small agonistic effects.

Question 12

Define Agonist Mimic or Indirect Agonist

Answer 12

bind to intracellular receptors, blocking enzymatic breakdown, thus producing an agonistic effect.

Question 13

EC50

Answer 13

The drug concentration necessary to achieve 50% of effectiveness

Question 14

Kd

Answer 14

The drug concentration at which half of all receptors are bound.
Low Kd = high drug/receptor affinity

Question 15

Shamanism

Answer 15

religious, indigenous practice where shamans communicate with the spirit world in an altered state of consciousness

Question 16

Animism

Answer 16

the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. Practiced by indigenous people

Question 17

Spiritualism

Answer 17

belief or religious practice based on the supposed communication with the spirits of the dead, especially through mediums

Question 18

Divination

Answer 18

a widespread cultural practice that involves using rituals or practices to gain insight into a question or situation

Question 19

Imhotep

Answer 19

removed the practice of magic in treating disease, instead used plants and other natural substances. Egypt circa 3,000 BCE

Question 20

Ayurvedic Medicine

Answer 20

Hindu medicine dating back thousands of years; diet, herbal medicines, exercise, meditation, breathing, physical therapy, yoga, massage, acupuncture, and panchakarma

Question 21

Hippocrates

Answer 21

Father of western medicine

Question 22

Asclepius

Answer 22

The God of medicine

Question 22

Paracelsus

Answer 22

Father of Toxicology
“All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; only the dose permits something not to be poisonous

Question 23

pharmacodynamics

Answer 23

what the drug does to the body; the study of a drug’s molecular, biochemical, and physiologic effects or actions.

Question 23

pharmacogenomics

Answer 23

the study of how our genes affect the way we respond to medications

Question 24

pharmacokinetics

Answer 24

what the body does to the drug; the study of how the body interacts with administered substances for the entire duration of exposure

Question 25

3 main types of bonds listed in order of strength- strongest to weakest

Answer 25

Covalent, electrostatic, hydrophobic

Question 26

Stereoisomerism

Answer 26

optical isomers, isomers that are “mirror images” of each other

Question 27

Racemic mixture

Answer 27

a 50/50 mixture of stereoisomers, or “optical isomers”