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Cisco ITE > Chapter 1 - Personal Computer Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Personal Computer Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are computer cases used for ?

A
  • contains the framework to support the internal components
  • for added protection
  • they also keep internal components cool
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2
Q

What are computer cases commonly made from ?

A

plastic, steel, or aluminum

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3
Q

What are power supplies used for ?

A

All computers need a power supply to convert alternating-current (AC) power from the wall socket into direct-current (DC) power.

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4
Q

What factors must be considered when choosing a case?

A
  • Size of the motherboard
  • Number of external or internal drive locations, called bays
  • Available space
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5
Q

what are the 3 main form factors for power supplies ?

A

Advanced Technology (AT)
AT Extended (ATX),
ATX12V.
- ATX12V (most commonly used)

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6
Q

What does UPS stand for ?

A

uninterruptible power supply

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7
Q

What are the 4 basic units of electricity ?

A
  • Voltage (V)
  • Current (I)
  • Power (P)
  • Resistance (R)
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8
Q

What are motherboards ?

A

The motherboard accommodates:

  1. the central processing unit (CPU)
  2. random access memory (RAM)
  3. expansion slots
  4. heat sink
  5. fan assembly
  6. basic input/output system (BIOS) chip
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9
Q

what are some common form factors for a motherboard ?

A
  • AT
  • ATX
  • MINI ATX
  • MICRO ATX
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10
Q

What does CPU stand for ?

A

Central Processing Unit

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11
Q

What does the CPU do ?

A
  • referred to as the processor. Most calculations take place in the CPU.
  • The CPU executes a program, which is a sequence of stored instructions
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12
Q

Where are the remaining instruction for the CPU stored, when an instruction is being completed ?

A

In the cache

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13
Q

What is cache memory ?

A

cache memory is extremely fast memory that is built into a CPU. The CPU uses cache memory to store instructions that are repeatedly required to run programs

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14
Q

What is Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) ?

A

relatively small set of instructions. RISC chips are designed to execute these instructions very rapidly.

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15
Q

What is Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) ?

A

a broad set of instructions, resulting in fewer steps per operation

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16
Q

What is hyperthreading ?

A

multiple pieces of code (threads) are executed simultaneously in the CPU

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17
Q

What is Overclocking ?

A

a technique used to make a processor work at a faster speed than its original specificatio

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18
Q

What is the disadvantage of overclocking ?

A

It can result in damage to the CPU

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19
Q

What is CPU throttling ?

A
  • a technique used when the processor runs at less than the rated speed to conserve power or produce less heat.
  • Throttling is commonly used on laptops and other mobile devices.
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20
Q

What is the advantage of incorporating more than one CPU core onto a single chip ?

A

These CPUs are capable of processing multiple instructions concurrently:

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21
Q

What can happen if computer components generate too much heat ?

A

the computer may run slower or computer components can be damaged.

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22
Q

What are the two types of cooling systems ?

A
  1. A case fan installed in the computer case,makes the cooling process more efficient.
  2. a water-cooling system
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23
Q

What does ROM stand for ?

A

Read only memory

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24
Q

What is ROM ?

A
  1. ROM chips contain instructions that can be directly accessed by a CPU.
  2. Basic instructions for operation, such as booting the computer and loading the operating system, are stored in ROM.
  3. ROM chips retain their contents even when the computer is powered down. The contents cannot be erased or changed by normal means.
25
Q

what is the main difference between ROM and PROM against EPROM and EEPROM ?

A

EPROM and EEPROM can be erased whilst ROM and PROM cannot be.

26
Q

What does RAM stand for ?

A

Random access memory

27
Q

What is RAM ?

A

RAM is the temporary storage for data and programs that are accessed by the CPU.

RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when the computer is powered off.

28
Q

What is the advantage of having more RAM

A

More RAM enhances system performance. The maximum amount of RAM that can be installed is limited by the motherboard.

29
Q

how can memory impact how much a processor can process

A

As processor speed increases, memory speed must also increase.

e.g. single-channel memory is capable of transferring data at 64 bits per clock cycle.

Dual-channel memory increases the speed by using a second channel of memory, creating a data transfer rate of 128 bits.

30
Q

What are memory errors and how are they fixed ?

A

Memory errors occur when the data is not stored correctly in the RAM chips.

The computer uses different methods to detect and correct data errors in memory.

31
Q

what are the 3 types of memory errors ?

A
  1. Nonparity memory does not check for errors in memory.
  2. Parity memory contains eight bits for data and one bit for error checking. The error-checking bit is called a parity bit.
  3. Error Correction Code memory can detect multiple bit errors in memory and correct single bit errors in memory.
32
Q

What is SRAM ?

A

static RAM is used as cache memory to store the most recently used data and instructions.

SRAM provides the processor with faster access to the data rather than retrieving it from the slower dynamic RAM or main memory

33
Q

What is a Network Interface Card (NIC) ?

A

Connects a computer to a network using a network cable.

34
Q

What is a Wireless NIC ?

A

Connects a computer to a network using radio frequencies.

35
Q

what is a Sound adapter and video adapter ?

A

they provide either audio capability or graphic capability.

36
Q

what is a Capture card ?

A

Sends a video signal to a computer so that the signal can be recorded to the computer hard drive with Video Capture software.

37
Q

what is a Modem adapter ?

A

Connects a computer to the Internet using a phone line.

38
Q

what is a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) adapter ?

A

Connects SCSI devices, such as hard drives or tape drives, to a computer.

39
Q

What is a USB port and what does it stand for ?

A

Connects a computer to peripheral devices

40
Q

what is a Parallel port ?

A

Connects a computer to peripheral devices

41
Q

what is a Serial port ?

A

Connects a computer to peripheral devices.

42
Q

what is Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) adapter ?

A

Connects multiple hard drives to a computer to provide redundancy and to improve performance.

43
Q

what are the 4 common types storage drives ?

A
  1. Floppy drive
  2. Hard drive
  3. Optical drive
  4. Flash drive
44
Q

what is a floppy drive ?

A
  • is a storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch floppy disks
  • These magnetic floppy disks can store 720 KB or 1.44 MB of data.
45
Q

What is a hard drive ?

A

Is a magnetic device used to store data. In a Windows computer.

speed of a hard drive is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM)

storage capacity of a hard drive ranges from gigabytes (GB) to terabytes (TB).

46
Q

What are tape drives ?

A

Magnetic tapes are most often used for backups or archiving data.

Tape capacities vary between a few gigabytes to many terabytes.

47
Q

What is a optical drive ?

A

optical drive uses lasers to read data on the optical media

48
Q

What are the 3 types of optical drives

A
  1. Compact disc (CD)
  2. Digital versatile disc (DVD)
  3. Blu-ray disc (BD)
49
Q

What is a external flash drive

A

A removable storage device that connects to a USB port.

An external flash drive uses the same type of nonvolatile memory chips as SSDs and does not require power to maintain the data

50
Q

What does IDE stand for and what is it ?

A

Integrated Drive Electronics

is an drive controller interface that connects computers and hard disk drives

51
Q

What are data cables ?

A

Data cables connect drives to the drive controller, which is located on an adapter card or on the motherboard

52
Q

what is a input device ?

A

An input device enters data or instructions into a computer.

53
Q

give 4 examples of a input device ?

A
  1. mouse
  2. keyboard
  3. game pad
  4. touchscrren
54
Q

What is a output device

A

An output device presents information to the user from a computer.

55
Q

give 4 examples of a output device

A
  1. monitor
  2. projector
  3. speakers
  4. headphones
56
Q

What does CRT stand for

A

cathode-ray tube

57
Q

What does LCD stand for

A

Liquid crystal display

58
Q

what is the term pixel an abbreviation for ?

A

picture element

Cisco ITE (1 decks)

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