Chapter 1-Parts 1-3

Question 1

In the 1830s why were the Parti Patriot unhappy?

Answer 1

Because Patriots where unhappy since the legislative assembly was overruled by the appointed council members (Council = Appointed—-Legislative= Elected) Therefore there was no real democracy in the colony

Question 2

How did the Parti Patriot show their discontent before the rebelling?

Answer 2

-92 resolutions (That where rejected)
-Held public assembly to try and gain respect
-Wrote opinions in news papers
-Boycotted British Products

Question 3

What year did the Patriots finally rebel against the government?

Answer 3

1837-1838

Question 4

What was the outcome of the 1837-38 rebellions?

Answer 4

Lord Durhams recommendations

Question 5

What are Lord Durhams 2 recommendations and which is applied?

Answer 5

1. Introduce responsible government (Angel Side)
2. Unite the 2 Canadas (Devil. side: Goal to assimilate the French speakers)

Uniting the 2 Canada is applied

Question 6

When was the act of Union and what is it?

Answer 6

It was in 1840 and its when they decide to merge the 2 Canadas creating the province Canada.

Question 7

What where the 2 reasons for Act of Union?

Answer 7

1. Assimilate French Canadiens
2. Make French a minority in the Legislative Assembly

Question 8

What is the New Gov Structure after act of union?

Answer 8

KING
II
V
Executive Council — Legislative Council
…
Legislative assembly
^
Population of Canada

Question 9

What’s the impact of the new structure after Act of Union
Political? Linguistic? Economic? Legal?

Answer 9

Political :There is 1 Legislative assembly
Lower Canada has higher population but equal number of seats as Upper Canada

Linguistic: English is the only official language

Economic: Both UC and LC are responsible for LC”s and UC’s dept even though UC has lots more

Legal: LC keeps French civil law vs. UC has British common law (Both Canadas have British criminal law)

Question 10

What are the 2 party’s formed in the joint Legislative assembly?

Answer 10

Reformers and Conservatives

Question 11

Who are the reformers and what do they want?

Answer 11

LC: Mostly French canadiens and a few English canadiens
UC: English Canadien members
They are supported by professional bourgeoise, demand responsible gov, LC reformers want to protect Fr Canadians rights

Question 12

Who are the Conservatives and what do they want?

Answer 12

English candies members and 2 French canadiens
They are supported by British business class, Governors and councils made up of conservatives so they are already in power- They want nothing to change

Question 13

What do the reformers do to get a majority in the legislative assembly by 1842?

Answer 13

The reformers of UC (Leader: Robert Baldwin) and LC (Leader: Louis Hippolyte Lafontaine) united. Their goal was to increase their political power. Their primary goal was to achieve responsible government

Question 14

What policy did Britain introduce to give colonies more economic freedom?

Answer 14

The Protectionist policy

Question 15

What was protectionism?

Answer 15

an economic policy focused on protecting the economy of the country or empire from foreign competition

Question 16

What was a preferential tariff?

Answer 16

taxing on imported items: how they made sure people bought within the colony

Question 17

When did protectionism end and why?

Answer 17

It ends in 1846 because Britain adopts a free trade policy and tariffs are eliminated. Province of Canada no longer has a guaranteed market for its goods- Canadas exports to Britain will decrease

Question 18

How does free trade help Canada?

Answer 18

It gave Canada more economic independence which leads to more political independence

Question 19

What happened in the 1848 election?

Answer 19

Baldwin- Lafontaine alliance (Reformers) won the majority of seats in the legislative assembly

Question 20

In 1848 who was instructed by Britain to introduce responsible government?

Answer 20

Governor Elgin

Question 21

What is responsible Governement

Answer 21

A system where the members of executive council are appointed from the legislative assembly by the prime minister.

Question 22

What does Elgin suggest to the 2 Reformer leaders? How does Villa fit into the history?

Answer 22

In 1848 Elgin invites LaFontaine and Baldwin to form a cabinet (Elgin lived at Villa)

Question 23

What title are Lafontaine and Baldwin given once achieved responsible government?

Answer 23

Dual Prime ministers

Question 24

How did Lafontaine and Baldwin test Governor Elgin? And did Elgin pass the test?

Answer 24

In 1849 they pass 3 bills that benefit the French Canadiens and wanted to see if Elgin would veto using his power or truly believe in the responsible government- Yes he passed because :He did not veto

Question 25

What where the 3 bills the dual Prime Ministers tested Elgin with?

Answer 25

Official language bill
Rebellion losses bill
Amnesty bill

Question 26

What where Rioters response to Elgin passing the Rebellion losses bill?

Answer 26

They burn down the parliament in Old Montreal instead of Monklands (Villa Maria today) However Responsible Gov. is successfully in place!

Question 27

As domestic trade increases within Canada what must be built to aid commerce?

Answer 27

More territory is needed, so the push the First Nations off their traditional territory, and railways and canals must be built

Question 28

In 1851 what is created in lower Canada for the Indigenous and why?

Answer 28

Reserves are created for exclusive use and their goal is to sedentarize the First Nations thus freeing up land for colonizers

Question 29

In 1850 did the creation of responsible government fix everything? If not why?

Answer 29

NO, because Political and economic difficulties would lead the colony to consider becoming independent of the mother country

Question 30

What where the 4 political parties after the reformer alliance falls apart in early 1850’s?

Answer 30

Parti Rouge - LC: Liberal Ideas
(Minority)

Clear Grit Party- UC: Liberal Ideas (Majority)

Parti Bleu -LC: Conservative Ideas (Majority)

Conservative party- UC: Conservative ideas (Minority)

Question 31

What was a double majority? Did they ever achieve it?

Answer 31

To form a majority government a party had to win double majority and Liberal or Conservatives must win seats in both UC and LC
It never happened

Question 32

Why was UC mad about the population change by 1851?

Answer 32

They where mad because even though they had more people now they still had the equal representation principle

Question 33

Describe Proportional representation?
AKA: “Rep by Pop”

Answer 33

a system where the number of members elected to the legislative assembly must be in proportion to the population of each region

Question 34

Why did Canada have to find a new market for goods and where do they looks?

Answer 34

Because of the reciprocity treaty. They look to the USA

Question 35

In 1854 does the USA sign the Reciprocity treaty?

Answer 35

Yes, They sign it with Canada and they trade raw materials across their boarders with no tariffs. This causes trade between Canada and the US to increase

Question 36

What is the problem regarding the reciprocity treaty in 1866?

Answer 36

The USA ends the Treaty and this means that Canada needs a new place to trade with.

Question 37

After 1866 where does Canada look to trade with?

Answer 37

Canada looks to the Maritime colony’s
Ex: Nova Scotia, PEI, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador

Question 38

Why do they build railways (Ex: Grand Truck railway: Mtl to Toronto and Maine to Massachusetts)

Answer 38

Because merchants need to transport their goods even though it is very expensive to build

Question 39

What was Canada afraid of in the 1850’s? What’s their solution?

Answer 39

Canada was afraid the the US would try and take control of them. Their solution is to unite with the Merrtime colonies to share cost of defence (Because Britain was unwilling to send troops to defend Canada)