Chapter 1: Part 2 Flashcards
What is the difference between a law and a theory?
Theory is the reasoning behind a law
[Blank] is anything that occupies space and has mass. It consists of all the different kind of substance that make up the material things of the universe.
Matter
Solid?
Fixed shape, not going to confirm to the container shape
Solid: Particles are
Going to be close together and organized
Liquid?
Vary in shape, can conform to the container
Liquid: Particles are?
Close together and disorganized
Gas?
Vary in shape; conform to the container and fill it up
Gas: Particles are
Far apart and disorganized
Physical change is
Identity is not changed —> change size, shape, state
Chemical Change or (chemical reaction)
Convert into a different state
(H2O—> H2 + 1/2O2)
Some signs of chemical reaction
Color change, temp change, emission of light formation of a gas or solid
What are some examples of physical change?
Crushing rock salt, dissolution of sugar in water, iron metal melting
What are examples of chemical change?
Burning wood, sugar fermenting to form ethanol, iron combining with O2 to form rust
What is energy?
It is the capacity to do work
What is the potential energy?
It is the energy of a position
What is kinetic energy?
It is the energy of motion
Energy is defined as the ability to do _____ or produce ____.
Work, heat
Heat involves
The transfer of energy between two objects due to a temperature difference.
Work is a force over a ____
Distance
Energy is a
State function, but work and heat are not
A state function is a
Property that does not depend in any way on the system’s past or future (only depends on the present state). It is said to be path independent, so it doesn’t matter how it got there. If we were to travel for Kearney to Lincoln, we don’t care if we took highway 30 or the interstate, we just care about difference.
You pick up a rubber band and stretch it. What change takes place in the potential energy of the rubber band? (I think what it’s trying to say is when the rubber band is stretched and is in that form, what energy does it have?)
Potential energy UP because it contains more stored energy.
You let of the rubber band and it snaps back to its original shape. What change takes place in the potential energy of the rubber band? What changes take place in its kinetic energy? (Like the motion I believe)
Potential energy goes DOWN and kinetic energy goes UP
Is stretching then releasing the rubber band a physical change?
Yes
