CHAPTER 1 - PART 2 Flashcards
1
Q
NAME 3 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION CIRCUITS
A
- SIMPLEX
- HALF-DUPLEX
- FULL-DUPLEX
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2
Q
WHAT IS SIMPLEX TRANSMISSION?
A
THE TRANSMISSION OF SIGNALS IN ONE DIRECTION ONLY
3
Q
WHAT IS HALF-DUPLEX TRANSMISSION?
A
THE TRANSMISSION OF SIGNALS IN EITHER DIRECTION, BUT IN ONE DIRECTION AT A TIME.
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4
Q
WHAT IS FULL-DUPLEX TRANSMISSION?
A
THE TRANSMISSION OF SIGNALS IN BOTH DIRECTIONS AT THE SAME TIME TIME.
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5
Q
WHY IS A SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION A POPULAR METHOD OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AMONG MICROCOMPUTER USERS?
A
BECASUE OF A COMMON STANDARDIZED INTERFACE AND PROTOCOL BETWEEN MACHINES.
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6
Q
WHY IS ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION LESS EFFICIENT THAN SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION?
A
BECAUSE IT REQUIRES THE ADDITION OF COME COMBINATION OF START AND STOP BITS TO THE DATA STREAM.
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7
Q
HOW IS SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION PERFORMED?
A
BY SYNCHRONIZING THE DATA BITS IN PHASE OR IN UNISON WITH EQUALLY SPACED CLOCK SIGNALS OR PULSES.
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8
Q
WHAT IS USED TO PREVENT CONFUSION OF THE CHARACTERS IN THE DATA STREAM?
A
CLOCKING PULSES
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9
Q
WHO ARE THE INTENDED USERS OF BASIC RATE ISDN?
A
RESIDENTIAL AND SMALL BUSINESS USERS
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10
Q
WHAT IS THE TOTAL INFORMATION CAPACITY OF BASIC RATE ISDN?
A
144KB/S (LINE RATE = 160KB/S)
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11
Q
WHO ARE THE INTENDED USERS OF PRIMARY RATE ISDN NORTH AMERICA?
A
LARGE BUSINESS USERS.
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12
Q
WHAT IS THE TOTAL INFORMATION CAPACITY OF PRIMARY RATE ISDN NORTH AMERICA?
A
1.546MB/S (LINE RATE = 1.544 MB/S)
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13
Q
DELAY SKEW
A
THE DIFFERENCE IN PROPOGATION DELAY BETWEEN ANY PAIRS WITHIN THE SAME CABLE SHEATH.
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14
Q
WHAT IS THE TOTAL INFORMATION CAPACITY OF PRIMARY RATE ISDN EUROPE?
A
1.92 MB/S (LINE RATE = 2.048 MB/S)
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15
Q
DISPERSION
A
- THE LOSS OF SIGNAL RESULTING FROM THE SCATTERING OF LIGHT PULSES AS THEY ARE TRANSMITTED THROUGH A MEDIUM.
- THE WIDENING OUT OR SPREADING OUT OF THE MODES IN A LIGHT PULSE AS IT PROGRESSES ALONG AN OPTICAL FIBER.
- THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOUND COVERAGE FIELD OF A SPEAKER.
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16
Q
HSDL REQUIRES NO REPEATERS ON LINES LESS THAN ___ FOR 24 AWG.
A
HSDL REQUIRES NO REPEATERS ON LINES LESS THAN =3600M (11,811 FT) FOR 24 AWG.
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17
Q
WHAT HAS EFFECTIVELY REPLACED HDSL?
A
SDSL AND OTHER xDSL TECHNOLOGIES.
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18
Q
WHAT IS SDSL?
A
A SINGLE-PAIR VERSION OF HDSL, TRANSMITTING UP TO DS1 RATE SIGNALS OVER A SINGLE BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR.
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19
Q
WHAT IS DISTANCE LIMITATION OF SDSL?
A
=3000m (9842 ft)
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20
Q
WHAT DOES ASYMMETRIC DESCIBE ABOUT ASDL TECHNOLOGIES?
A
THAT THEY ALLOW MORE BANDWIDTH DOWNSTREAM (SERVER TO CLIENT) THAN THEY DO UPSTREAM (CLIENT TO SERVER).
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21
Q
WHAT DOWN-TO-UPSTREAM RATIO IS REQUIRED FOR GOOD INTERNET PERFORMANCE?
A
AT LEAST 10:1
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22
Q
WHAT DO ADSL MODEMS USE TO REDUCE ERRORS CAUSED BY IMPULSE NOISE?
A
FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION (FEC).
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23
Q
WHAT DOES RADSL ALLOW THE ACCESS PROVIDER (AP) TO ADJUST?
A
THE BANDWIDTH OF THE DSL LINK TO FIT THE NEED OF THE APPLICATION AND TO ACCOUNT FOR THE LENGTH AND QUALITY OF THE LINE.
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24
Q
HOW DOES RADSL INCREASE THE PERCENTAGE OF USERS SERVED BY DSL SERVICES?
A
BY EXTENDING THE POSSIBLE DISTANCE FROM THE SUBSCRIBER TO THE AP FACILITY.
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25
WHAT ARE THE TARGET RANGES OF THE VDSL DOWNSTREAM RATES?
-12.6 TO 13.8 Mb/s
-25.92 TO 27.7 Mb/s
-51.84 TO 55.3 Mb/s
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26
WHAT ARE THE GENERAL RANGES OF VDSL UPSTREAM RATES?
-1.6 TO 2.3 Mb/s
-19.2 Mb/s
-EQUAL TO DOWNSTREAM
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27
HOW MUCH DELAY IS INTRODUCED BY INTERLEAVING?
IN THE ORDER OF 40 TIMES THE MAXIMUM LENGTH CORRECTABLE IMPULSE.
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28
WHAT IS BASEBAND ANALOG VIDEO SIGNAL?
A BASEBAND ANALOG VIDEO SIGNAL IS A CONTINUOUS VARYING SIGNAL WHOSE MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY REPRESENT THE VIDEO CONTENT (E.G., LUMINANCE, CHROMINANCE, SYNCHRONIZATION). A BASEBAND VIDEO SIGNAL CONTAINS ALL THE NECESSARY INFORMATION TO REPRODUCE A PICTURE, BUT IT DOES NOT MODULATE AN RF CARRIER.
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29
NAME 2 TYPES OF BASEBAND SIGNALING.
1. COMPOSITE
2. COMPONENT
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30
WHAT INFORMATION IS CONTAINED IN A COMPOSITE FORMAT ANALOG SIGNAL?
ALL THE COMPONENTS NECESSARY TO CONSTRUCT A MONOCHROME OR COLOR PICTURE BUT NO AUDIO INFORMATION
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31
WHAT COLORS ARE USED TO CREATE A COLOR VIDEO PICTURE
RED, GREEN, BLUE (RGB).
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32
HOW DOES A COMPONENT VIDEO KEEP THE THREE-COLOR COMPONENTS OF AN IMAGE SEPARATE?
WITH THREE CABLES.
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33
WHY IS RGB SIGNAL SEPARATED FROMT HE LUMINANCE SIGNAL IN A COMPONENT VIDEO?
TO MINIMIZE CROSSTALK AND PERMIT HIGHER RESOLUTION.
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34
HOW IS RGB SIGNALLING TYPICALLY USED?
FOR HIGH-END GRAPHIC WORKSTATIONS WERE THE NEED FOR HIGHER-QUALITY IMAGING IS REQUIRED.
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35
WHAT DOES AN RF CARRIER REPRESENT?
TV CHANNEL
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36
WHICH CATEGORIES OF THE BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLING SUPPORT BASEBAND COMPOSITE SIGNALING?
CATEGORY 3/ CLASS C OR HIGHER (N EXCESS OF =100M [328 FT])
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37
WHICH CATEGORIES OF CABLING SUPPORT RGB COMPONENT SIGNALING?
CATEGORY3/ CLASS C OR HIGHER (FOR A MINIMUM OF -100M [328 FT] USING PASSIVE MEDIA ADAPTERS)
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38
WHICH CATEGORIES OF BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLING SUPPORT BROADBAND ANALOG CATV SIGNALING?
CATEGORY 5e/CLASS D OR HIGHER.
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39
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF AN IDEALIZED TRANMISSION LINE?
2 CONDUCTORS SEPARATED BY A DIESLECTRIC MATERIAL UNIFORMLY SPACED OVER THE LINES LENGTH.
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40
WHAT WAS THE BASIS OF THE EARLIEST FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF A TRANSMISSION LINE?
RESISTIVE LOSS.
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41
HOW CAN A TRANSMISSION LINE BE REPRESENTED?
BY AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CONTAINING ONLY PASSIVE COMPONENTS THAT ARE ARRANFED IN A LADDER NETWORK.
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42
NAME THE 4 PRIMARY TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS.
1. SERIES RESISTANCE
2. SERIES INDUCTANCE
3. MUTUAL CAPACITANCE
4. MUTUAL CONDUCTANCE
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43
WHAT IS SERIES RESISTANCE?
THE LOOP RESISTANCE OF A PAIR OF CONDUCTORS FOR AN INCREMENTAL LENGTH
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44
WHAT UNIT OF MEASURMENT IS USED TO EXPRESS SERIES RESISTANCE?
OHMS
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45
WHAT IS SERIES INDUCATANCE?
THE LOOP INDUCTANCE OF A PAIR OF CONDUCTORS FOR AN INCREMENTAL LENGTH.
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46
WHAT UNIT OF MEASUREMENT IS USED TO EXPRESS SERIES INDUCTANCE?
HENRIES (H)
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47
WHAT IS MUTUAL CAPACITANCE?
THE CAPACITANCE BETWEEN A PAIR OF CONDUCTORS FOR AN INCREMENTAL LENGTH.
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48
WHAT IS THE UNIT OF MEASURE USED TO EXPRESS MUTUAL CAPACITANCE?
FARADS (F)
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49
HOW CAN THE SECONDARY PARAMETERS OF A TRANSMISSION LINE BE DETERMINED?
-CALCULATED FROM THE PRIMARY PARAMERS
-DIRECT MEASUREMENT
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50
WHAT UNIT OF MEASURE IS USED TO EXPRESS MUTUAL CONDUCTANCE?
SIEMENS (S)
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51
WHAT FORMS THE FOUNDATION OF EM WAVE THEORY?
MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS.
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52
WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFERRED FROM THE SOURCE TO THE LOAD?
WHEN THE SOURCE IMPEDANCE (Zs) AND THE TERMINATING IMPEDANCE (Xt) ARE EQUAL TO THE COMPLEX CONJUGATE OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE.
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53
WHAT TERM REFERS TO THE RATIO OF OUTPUT TO INPUT POWER (OR VOLTAGE) WHERE THE TERMINATIONS ARE PERFECTLY MATCHED?
ATTENUATION
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54
WHAT TERM DESCRIBES SIGNAL ITERFERENCE BETWEEN CABLE PAIRS?
CROSSTALK
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55
HOW IS NVP FOR BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLES EXPRESSED?
AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT.
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56
WHAT IS THE RANGE OF TYPICAL NVP VALUES FOR 100-OHM BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLES?
.56c TO .74c
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57
WHAT TERM IS USED TO DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCE IN THE PROPOGATION DELAY BETWEEN ANY PAIRS WITHIN THE SAME SHEATH?
DELAY SKEW
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58
WHAT TERM DESCRIBES THE RATIO BETWEEN THE TRANSMITTED POWER AND THE REFLECTED POWER?
RETURN LOSS
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59
WHAT IS SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATION (SNR)?
THE RATION BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF THE RECEIVED SIGNAL AT THE RECEIVER-END AND THE LEVEL OF THE TRANSMITTED SIGNAL.
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60
HOW IS ATTENUATION-TO-CROSSTALK RATIO (ACR) OBTAINED?
BY SUBTRACTING THE ATTENUATION (dB) FROM THE NEAR-END CROSSTALK (NEXT) (dB).
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61
HOW IS ACR NORMALLY STATED?
AT A GIVEN FREQUENCY
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62
WHAT IS POWER SUM ATTENUTAION-TO-CROSSTALK RATIO (PSACR)?
A RATIO IN DECIBELS DETERMINED BY SUBTRACTING THE ATTENUATION FROM PSNEXT LOSS.
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63
WHAT IS POWER SUM ATTENUATION-TO-ALIEN-CROSSTALK RATIO AT THE NEAR END (PSAACRN)?
A RATIO IN DECIBELS DETERMINED BY SUBTRACTING THE ATTENUATION FROM THE PSANEXT LOSS BETWEEN CABLES OR CHANNELS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY.
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64
WHAT IS POWER SUM ATTENUATION-TO-ALIEN-CROSSTALK RATIO AT THE FAR END (PSAACRF)?
A RATIO IN DECIBELS DETERMINED BY SUBTRACTING THE ATTENUATION FROM THE PSAFEXT LOSS BETWEEN CABLES OR CHANNELS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY.
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65
HOW DO CABLING STANDARDS DEFINE A CHANNEL?
ALL CABLES, CORDS, AND CONNECTORS FROM AN EQUIPMENT CONNECTION AT ONE END TO THE EQUIPMENT CONNECTION AT THE OTHER END.
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66
WHAT IS THE NOMINAL CHARACTERISTIC IMPEADANCE OF BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLES?
100 OHMS AT 100 MHz
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67
NAME THE 3 MOST IMPORTANT PARAMETERS THAT AFFECT THE PERFORMANCE OF BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLE IN NETWORK CABLING.
1. INSERTION LOSS
2. PSNEXT LOSS
3. RETURN LOSS
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68
WHAT IS CHANNEL INSERTION LOSS?
THE SUM OF THE ATTENUATION OF THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS IN THE TEST CHANNEL, PLUS ALL THE MISMATCH LOSSES AT CABLE AND CONNECTOR INTERFACES, AND THE INCREASE IN ATTENUATION ADJUSTED FOR TEMPERATURE.
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69
WHAT IS NEXT LOSS IN A CHANNEL?
THE VECTOR SUM OF CROSSTALK INDUCED IN THE CABLE, CONNECTORS, AND PATCH CORDS.
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70
WHAT IS POWER SUM EQUAL LEVEL FAR-END CROSSTALK (PSELFEXT)?
A COMPUTATION OF THE UNWANTED SIGNAL COUPLING FROM MULTIPLE TRANSMITTERS AT THE NEAR END INTO A PAIR MEASURED AT THE FAR END.
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71
WHAT DETERMINES THE AVAILABLE CHANNEL BANDWIDTH FOR A SPECIFIED CHANNEL?
THE RANGE OF FREQUENCIES THAT CAN BE SUCCESFULLY TRANSMITTED FOR A GIVEN DISTANCE.
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72
WHAT IS THE DOMINANT NOISE SOURCE FOR MOST LAN SYSTEMS TODAY?
NEXT INTERFERENCE BETWEEN ALL TRANSMIT PAIRS AND A RECEIVE PAIR.
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73
HOW MUCH HORIZONTAL CABLING MAY BE USED IN A PERMANENT LINK?
90m (295')
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74
TRUE OR FALSE
THE TRANSMISSION CATEGORIES OF ALL COMPONENTS USED IN THE SAME CABLING SYSTEM MUST BE MATCHED.
TRUE. THE TRANSMISSION CATEGORIES OF ALL COMPONENTS USED IN THE SAME CABLING SYSTEM MUST BE MATCHED TO PROVIDE A CONSISTENTLY HIGH LEVEL OF RELIABILITY AND TRANSMISSION PERFORMANCE.
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75
WHAT CATEGORY/CLASS OF BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLE PROVIDES THE MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE LEVEL FOR NETWORK CABLING?
CAT 3/CLASS C
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76
WHAT CATEGORY/CLASS OF BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLE IS RECOMENDED AS THE MINIMUM BY MOST STANDARDS?
CATEGORY 5e/CLASS D
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77
WHAT CATEGORY/CLASS OF BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLE REPRESENTS BICSI BEST PRACTICES FOR NETWORK CABLING?
CATEGORY 6/CLASS E
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78
WHAT FREQUENCY IS SUPPORTED BY A CATEGORY 3/CLASS C CABLE?
16 MHz
TDMM: PAGE 1-64, TABLE 1.15
79
WHAT FREQUENCY IS SUPPORTED BY CATEFORY 5e/CLASS D CABLE?
100 MHz
TDMM: PAGE 1-64, TABLE 1.15
80
WHAT FREQUENCY IS SUPPORTED BY CATEGORY 6/ CLASS E CABLE?
250 MHz
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81
HOW MANY 10BASE-T SYSTEMS CAN SHARE A BINDER GROUP?
NO MORE THAN 12
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82
NAME 3 ADVANTAGES OF A MEDIA CONVERSION TO BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR.
1, IT CAN BE A COST-EFFECTIVE SOLUTION.
2. MOVES CAN BE SIMPLER TO IMPLEMENT
3. LESS SPACE IN RISERS OR CONDUITS REQUIRED.
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83
NAME 3 MAIN CATEGORIES OF TERMINAL INTERFACES.
1. IMPEDANCE-MATCHING DEVICES
2. SIGNAL CONVERTERS
3. MEDIA FILTERS
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84
HOW ARE BALUNS USED?
TO ADAPT THE BALANCED IMPEDANCE OF TWISTED-PAIRS TO THE UNBALANCED IMPEDANCE OF COAXIAL CABLES.
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85
WHERE ARE BALUNS REQUIRED?
WHEREVER A TRANSITION IS MADE FROM TWISTED-PAIR TO COAXIAL OR FROM COAXIAL TO TWISTED-PAIR.
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86
WHAT IS A SIGNAL CONVERTER?
AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT RECEIVES ONE TYPE OF SIGNAL AND OUTPUTS ANOTHER TYPE OF SIGNAL.
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87
NAME 2 ADVANTAGES OF A SIGNAL CONVERTER.
1. DECREASE THE RISK OF TRANSMISSION AND EMI PROBLEMS.
2. EXTEND THE UNBALANCED SIGNAL REACH OF A DTE.
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88
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A MEDIA FILTER?
TO ELIMINATE UNWANTED FREQUENCIES AFFECTING LINK PERFORMANCE THAT COULD RADIATE FROM THE BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLE.
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89
WHAT IS A TRANSCEIVER?
A RADIO FREQUENCY DEVICE CAPABLE OF SENDING AND RECEIVING RADIO FREQUENCIES.
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90
NAME 4 BENEFITS OF COMBINING POWER AND DATA ONTO A SINGLE CABLE.
1. ELIMINATING THE NEED TO POVIDE AC ELECTRICAL OUTLETS AT THE SAME LOCATION.
2. FASTER INSTALLATION TIMES.
3. DETECTING LOSS OF POWER TO A DEVICE.
4. IN THE EVENT OF A POWER FAILURE, THE NETWORK BACKUP POWER SYSTEM CAN SERVICE POE DEVICES AND SYSTEMS, AS WELL AS OTHER NETWORK DEVICES.
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91
WHAT IS MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT FOR TYPE 1 POE?
15.4 W FROM THE PSE WITH UP TO 12.95 W DELIVERED TO THE PD
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92
WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT FOR TYPE 2 POE?
30 W FROM THE PSE WITH UP TO 25.5 W DELIVERED TO THE PD.
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93
WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT FOR TYPE 3 POE?
60 W FROM THE PSE WITH UP TO 51 W DELIVERED TO THE PD.
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94
WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT FOR TYPE 4 POE?
90 W FROM THE PSE WITH UP TO 73 W DELIVERED TO THE PD.
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95
WHAT IS LINK LAYER DISCOVERY PROTOCOL (LLDP)?
TYPE 3 OR 4 PSE POWER CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION EXCHANGED DURING INITIAL NEGOTIATION.
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96
NAME 3 PRACTICAL POWER SOURCING EQUIPMENT (PSE) OPTION FOR PoE.
1. ENDSPAN DEVICES
2. MIDSPAN DEVICES
3. LOCAL POWER SOURCES
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97
NAME THE 3 ELEMENTS OF A SIMPLE MODEL TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM.
1. TRANSMITTER
2. RECEIVER
3. MEDIUM
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98
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF AN OPTICAL TRANSMITTER?
TO CONVERT ELECTRICAL SIGNALS TO OPTICAL SIGNALS FOR TRANSMISSION OVER AN OPTICAL FIBER CABLE.
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99
WHAT ARE THE 4 NOMINAL WAVELENGTHS OF OPTICAL FIBER?
1. 850 nm
2. 1300 nm
3. 1310 nm
4. 1550 nm
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100
WHAT TERM REFERS TO THE RANGE OF WAVELENGTHS OVER WHICH THE TOTAL POWER EMITED BY A TRANSMITTER IS DISTRIBUTED?
SPECTRAL WIDTH
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101
WHAT UNIT OF MEASURE IS TYPICALLY USED TO SPECIFY SPECTRAL WIDTH?
NANOMETER (nm)
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102
HOW DO WIDE SPECTRAL WIDTHS AFFECT THE DISPERSION OF LIGHT PULSES?
WIDE SPECTRAL WIDTHS LEAD TO INCREASED DIPSERSION OF LIGHT PULSES AS THE LIGHT PULSES PROPOGATE THROUGH AN OPTICAL FIBER.
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103
WHAT IS THE AVERAGE POWER OF A TRANSMITTER?
THE MEAN LEVEL OF POWER OUTPUT OF A GIVEN LIGHTSOURCE DURING MODULATION.
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104
WHAT IS THE MODULATION FREQUENCY OF A TRANSMITTER?
THE RATE AT WHICH THE TRANSMISSION CHANGES IN INTENSITY.
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105
NAME 3 MAJOR TYPES OF TRANSMITTER LIGHT SOURCES.
1. LEDS
2. VCSELS
3. LDS
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106
WHAT CENTER OF WAVELENGTH RANGES ARE TYPICAL FOR LEDS?
* 800 TO 900 nm
* 1250 TO 1350 nm
TDMM: PAGE 1-83, TABLE 1.20
107
WHAT IS MODULATION FREQUENCT OF MOST LEDS?
UNDER 200 MHz
TDMM: PAGE 1-83, TABLE 1.20
108
WHAT IS THE AVERAGE LAUNCHED OPTICAL POWER LEVEL OF LEDS?
-10 TO -30 dBm INTO MULTIMODE FIBER
TDMM: PAGE 1-83, TABLE 1.20
109
WHAT IS THE CENTER WAVELENGTH FOR SHORT WAVELENGTH LASERS?
780 nm
TDMM: PAGE 1-84, TABLE 1.21
110
HOW DOES THE MODULATION FREQUENCY OF SHORT WAVELENGTH LASERS COMPARE TO THAT OF LEDS?
IT IS HIGHER THEN LEDS (CAN EXCEED 1 GHz)
TDMM: PAGE 1-84, TABLE 1.21
111
WHAT IS THE AVERAGE LAUNCHED OPTICAL POWER LEVEL OF SHORT WAVELENGTH LASERS?
+1 TO -8 PER mW (dBm)
TDMM: PAGE 1-84, TABLE 1.21
112
WAT ARE THE CENTER WAVELENGTHS USED FOR VCSELS?
* 850 nm
* 1300 nm
TDMM: PAGE 1-85, TABLE 1.22
113
HOW DOES THE MODULATION FREQUENCY FOR VCSELS COMPARE TO THAT OF LEDS?
IT IS MUCH HIGHER THAT THAT OF LEDS, ALLOWING UP TO 56GHz.
TDMM: PAGE 1-85, TABLE 1.22
114
WHAT IS THE AVERAGE LAUNCHED POWER LEVEL OF VCSELS?
-1 TO -8 DECIBELS PER MILLIWAT INTO MULTIMODE FIBER.
TDMM: PAGE 1-85, TABLE 1.22
115
WHAT IS THE MOST PREDOMINATE CENTER WAVELENGTH FOR LASER DIODES (LDS)?
1310 nm
TDMM: PAGE 1-86, TABLE 1.23
116
HOW DOES THE SPECTRAL WIDTH FOR LDS COMPARED TO THAT OF LDS?
NARROW IN COMPARISON
TDMM: PAGE 1-86, TABLE 1.23
117
WHERE ARE TYPICAL LD SOURCES USED?
ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY IN SINGLEMODE OPTICAL FIBER LINKS
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118
WHAT IS THE AVERAGE LAUNCHED OPTICAL POWER LEVEL OF LDS?
COMMON VALUES OF +4 TO -9 POWER LEVEL DECIBELS PER MILIWATT INTO SINGELMODE FIBERS.
TDMM: PAGE 1-86, TABLE 1.23
119
WHICH TYPE OF TRANSMITTER IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE: LED, VCSEL, OR LD?
LD
TDMM; PAGE 1-87, TABLE 1.24
120
WHAT IS THE PRIMARY TYPE OF OPTICAL FIBER USED WITH LD TRANSMITTERS?
SINGLEMODE
TDMM: PAGE 1-87, TABLE 1.24
121
NAME THE 3 CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS OF OPTICAL FIBER RECEIVERS.
1. SENSITIVITY
2. BIT ERROR RATE (BER)
3. DYNAMIC RANGE
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122
DEFINE "SENSITIVITY" IN TERMS OF OPTICAL FIBER RECEIVERS.
THE MINIMUM POWER LEVEL AN INCOMING SIGNAL MUST HAVE TO ACHIEVE AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE
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123
WHAT IS BIT ERROR RATE (BER)?
THE FRACTIONAL NUMBER OF ERRORS ALLOWED TO OCCUR BETWEENT THE TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER.
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124
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BER IF THE POWER OF THE INCOMING SIGNAL FALLS BELOW THE RECEIVER SENSITIVITY?
THE NUMBER OF BIT ERRORS WILL INCREASE BEYOND THE MAXIMUM BER SPECIFIED FOR THE RECEIVER.
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125
WHAT IS DYNAMIC RANGE?
THE RANGE OF POWER THAT A RECEIVER CAN PROCESS AT A SPECIFIED BIT ERROR RATE (BER)
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126
NAME 3 KEY FACTORS THAT ARE USED TO DETERMINE WHICH OPTICAL FIBER TO USE IN A GIVEN APPLICATION.
1. ACTIVE EQUIPMENT
2. DISTANCE
3. BANDWIDTH (DATA RATE)
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127
WHAT CLASSES OF MULTIMODE CABLE ARE RECOGNIZED FOR USE IN NEW INSTALLATIONS?
OM3
OM4
OM5
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128
NAME THE 2 ESSENTIAL DETERMINANTS OF THE END-TO-END BANDWIDTH FOR AN OPTICAL FIBER SYSTEM.
1. TRANSMITTER
2. OPTICAL FIBER
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129
WHAT IS RISE TIME?
THE TIME IT TAKES TRANSMITTERS TO CHANGE FROM A LOW-POWER STATE (LOGICAL 0) TO A HIGH-POWER STATE (LOGICAL 1)
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130
HOW DOES DISPERSION AFFECT LIGHT PULSE?
IT CAUSES THE LIGHT PULSE TO BROADEN IN THE DURATION AS IT TRAVELS THROUGHT THE OPTICAL FIBER.
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131
WHAT IS OFTEN USED IN PLACE OF BANDWIDTH TO DEFINE SYSTEM CAPACITY IN SINGLEMODE SYSTEMS?
MAXIMUM PULSE DISTORTION.
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132
NAME THE 3 EFFECTS THAT ARE COMBINED TO CALCULATE AND PREDICT THE BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS FOR A MULTIMODE SYSTEM.
1. TRANSMITTER RISE TIME
2. OPTICAL FIBER MODAL DISPERSION
3. CHROMATIC DISPERSION
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133
WHAT TYPE OF DISPERSION OCCURS WHENT THE WIDER RANGE OF WAVELENGTHS IN EACH PULSE TRAVELS AT A WIDER RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL SPEEDS?
CHROMATIC DISPERSION
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WHAT IS MODAL DISPERSION?
AN EVENT THAT OCCURS WHEN A PULSE OF LIGHT, WHICH CONSISTS OF HUNDREDS OF MODES IN A MULTMODE OPTICAL FIBER, BROADENS IN TIME AS IT TRAVELS THROUGH THE OPTICAL FIBER.
TDMM: PAGE 1-95
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WHAT ARE THE 2 MAJOR CLASSIFICATIONS OF OPTICAL FIBER CABLE?
1. SINGLEMODE
2. MULTIMODE
TDMM: PAGE 1-98
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WHAT ARE THE 2 POPULAR SIZES OF MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBER CABLES?
1. 62.5/125 µm
2. 50/125 µm
TDMM: PAGE 1-99, TABLE 1.27
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WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON WAVELEGTH WINDOWS FOR OPTICAL FIBER CABLES?
1. 850 nm
2. 1300 nm
3. 1550 nm
TDMM: PAGE 1-101
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WHAT IS THE CHARACTERISTIC CORE DIAMETER FOR SINGLEMODE OPTICAL FIBER?
BETWEEN 8 AND 9 µm
TDMM: PAGE 1-102, TABLE 1.30
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WHAT IS THE DIAMETER OF THE CLADDING ON A SINGLEMODE FIBER OPTICAL CABLE?
125 µm
TDMM: PAGE 1-102, TABLE 1.30
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WHAT IS THE BANDWIDTH FOR SINGLEMODE OPTICAL FIBER?
GREATER THAN 2-GHz
TDMM: 1-102, TABLE 1.30
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WHAT ARE THE OPERATING WAVELENGTHS FOR SINGLEMODE OPTICAL FIBER?
1. 1310 nm
2. 1550 nm
TDMM: PAGE 1-102, TABLE 1.30
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WHAT ESTABLISHES THE MAXIMUM SUPPORTABLE DISTANCE FOR OPTICAL FIBER CABLES?
THE APPLICATION STANDARDS
TDMM: PAGE 1-103
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WHAT ESTABLISHES THE MAXIMUM CHANNEL ATTENUATION?
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MINIMUM TRANSMITTER OUTPUT POWER COUPLED INTO THE OPTICAL FIBER AND THE RECEIVER SENSITIVITY, LESS ANY POWER PENALTIES ESTABLISHED.
TDMM: PAGE 1-103
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WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM ATTENUATION VALUE FOR 50/125 µm MULTIMODE CABLE AT 850 nm?
3.5 dB/km
TDMM: PAGE 1-104, TABLE 1.31
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WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM ATTENUATION VALUE FOR 62.5/125 µm MULTIMODE CABLE AT 1300 nm?
1.5Db/km
TDMM: PAGE 1-104, TABLE 1.31
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WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM ATTENTUATION VALUE FOR SINGLEMODE INSIDE PLANT CABLE AT 1310 nm?
1.0 dB/km
TDMM: PAGE 1-104, TABLE 1.31
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WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM ATTENUATION VALUE FOR SINGLEMODE OUTSIDE PLANT CABLE AT 1500 nm?
0.4dB/km
TDMM; PAGE 1-104, TABLE 1.31
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HOW IS OPTICAL FIBER CABLE BANDWIDTH VALIDATED?
THROUGH THE MANUFACTURER'S SPECIFICATION AND QUALITY CHECKING OF THE PRODUCT SPECIFICATION SHEETS WITH THE INSTALLED COMPONENTS.
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WHAT DETERMINES THE MAXIMUM PERMISSABLE END-TO-END SYSTEM ATTENUATION IN A GIVEN LINK?
THE AVERAGE TRANSMITTER POWER AND THE RECEIVER SENSITVITY
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WHAT CONNECTOR LOSS VALUE SHOULD BE USED FOR 0 TO 4 CONNECTOR PAIRS?
THE MAXIMUM VALUE
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WHAT CONNECTOR LOSS VALUE SHOULD BE USED FOR 5 OR MORE CONNECTOR PAIRS?
THE TYPICAL VALUE
TDMM: PAGE 1-113
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WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED LOSS VALUE FOR OPTICAL FIBER CABLE CONNECTORS?
.75 dB
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WHAT IS THE AVERAGE SPLICE LOSS FOR A FUSION SPLICE IN MULTIMODE CABLING?
.05 dB
TDMM: PAGE 1-113, TABLE 1.36
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WHAT IS THE AVERAGE SPLICE LOSS FOR A MECHANICAL SPLICE IN SINGLEMODE CABLING?
.1 dB
TDMM: PAGE 1-113, TABLE 1.36
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WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM LOSS FOR MECHANICAL FOR MECHANICAL AND FUSION SPLICES IN MULTIMODE CABLE?
.3 dB
TDMM: PAGE 1-113, TABLE 1.36
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HOW IS THE MINIMUM REQUIRED SYSTEM LOSS CALCULATED?
BY SUBTRACTING THE RECEIVERS DYNAMIC RANGE FROM THE SYSTEM GAIN.
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WHAT DEVICE CAN BE USED TO ADD ADDITIONAL LOSS TO AN OPTICAL FIBER SYSTEM?
ATTENUATOR
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NAME THE 2 STANDARDS THAT HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED FOR OPTICAL FIBER CARRIER TRANSMISSIONS.
SYNCHRONUS OPTICAL NETWORK (SONET) - NORTH AMERICA
SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY (SDH) - INTERNATIONAL
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