CHAPTER 1 - PART 2 Flashcards
NAME 3 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION CIRCUITS
- SIMPLEX
- HALF-DUPLEX
- FULL-DUPLEX
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WHAT IS SIMPLEX TRANSMISSION?
THE TRANSMISSION OF SIGNALS IN ONE DIRECTION ONLY
WHAT IS HALF-DUPLEX TRANSMISSION?
THE TRANSMISSION OF SIGNALS IN EITHER DIRECTION, BUT IN ONE DIRECTION AT A TIME.
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WHAT IS FULL-DUPLEX TRANSMISSION?
THE TRANSMISSION OF SIGNALS IN BOTH DIRECTIONS AT THE SAME TIME TIME.
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WHY IS A SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION A POPULAR METHOD OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AMONG MICROCOMPUTER USERS?
BECASUE OF A COMMON STANDARDIZED INTERFACE AND PROTOCOL BETWEEN MACHINES.
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WHY IS ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION LESS EFFICIENT THAN SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION?
BECAUSE IT REQUIRES THE ADDITION OF COME COMBINATION OF START AND STOP BITS TO THE DATA STREAM.
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HOW IS SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION PERFORMED?
BY SYNCHRONIZING THE DATA BITS IN PHASE OR IN UNISON WITH EQUALLY SPACED CLOCK SIGNALS OR PULSES.
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WHAT IS USED TO PREVENT CONFUSION OF THE CHARACTERS IN THE DATA STREAM?
CLOCKING PULSES
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WHO ARE THE INTENDED USERS OF BASIC RATE ISDN?
RESIDENTIAL AND SMALL BUSINESS USERS
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WHAT IS THE TOTAL INFORMATION CAPACITY OF BASIC RATE ISDN?
144KB/S (LINE RATE = 160KB/S)
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WHO ARE THE INTENDED USERS OF PRIMARY RATE ISDN NORTH AMERICA?
LARGE BUSINESS USERS.
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WHAT IS THE TOTAL INFORMATION CAPACITY OF PRIMARY RATE ISDN NORTH AMERICA?
1.546MB/S (LINE RATE = 1.544 MB/S)
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DELAY SKEW
THE DIFFERENCE IN PROPOGATION DELAY BETWEEN ANY PAIRS WITHIN THE SAME CABLE SHEATH.
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WHAT IS THE TOTAL INFORMATION CAPACITY OF PRIMARY RATE ISDN EUROPE?
1.92 MB/S (LINE RATE = 2.048 MB/S)
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DISPERSION
- THE LOSS OF SIGNAL RESULTING FROM THE SCATTERING OF LIGHT PULSES AS THEY ARE TRANSMITTED THROUGH A MEDIUM.
- THE WIDENING OUT OR SPREADING OUT OF THE MODES IN A LIGHT PULSE AS IT PROGRESSES ALONG AN OPTICAL FIBER.
- THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SOUND COVERAGE FIELD OF A SPEAKER.
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HSDL REQUIRES NO REPEATERS ON LINES LESS THAN ___ FOR 24 AWG.
HSDL REQUIRES NO REPEATERS ON LINES LESS THAN =3600M (11,811 FT) FOR 24 AWG.
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WHAT HAS EFFECTIVELY REPLACED HDSL?
SDSL AND OTHER xDSL TECHNOLOGIES.
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WHAT IS SDSL?
A SINGLE-PAIR VERSION OF HDSL, TRANSMITTING UP TO DS1 RATE SIGNALS OVER A SINGLE BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR.
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WHAT IS DISTANCE LIMITATION OF SDSL?
=3000m (9842 ft)
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WHAT DOES ASYMMETRIC DESCIBE ABOUT ASDL TECHNOLOGIES?
THAT THEY ALLOW MORE BANDWIDTH DOWNSTREAM (SERVER TO CLIENT) THAN THEY DO UPSTREAM (CLIENT TO SERVER).
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WHAT DOWN-TO-UPSTREAM RATIO IS REQUIRED FOR GOOD INTERNET PERFORMANCE?
AT LEAST 10:1
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WHAT DO ADSL MODEMS USE TO REDUCE ERRORS CAUSED BY IMPULSE NOISE?
FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION (FEC).
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WHAT DOES RADSL ALLOW THE ACCESS PROVIDER (AP) TO ADJUST?
THE BANDWIDTH OF THE DSL LINK TO FIT THE NEED OF THE APPLICATION AND TO ACCOUNT FOR THE LENGTH AND QUALITY OF THE LINE.
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HOW DOES RADSL INCREASE THE PERCENTAGE OF USERS SERVED BY DSL SERVICES?
BY EXTENDING THE POSSIBLE DISTANCE FROM THE SUBSCRIBER TO THE AP FACILITY.
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WHAT ARE THE TARGET RANGES OF THE VDSL DOWNSTREAM RATES?
-12.6 TO 13.8 Mb/s
-25.92 TO 27.7 Mb/s
-51.84 TO 55.3 Mb/s
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WHAT ARE THE GENERAL RANGES OF VDSL UPSTREAM RATES?
-1.6 TO 2.3 Mb/s
-19.2 Mb/s
-EQUAL TO DOWNSTREAM
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HOW MUCH DELAY IS INTRODUCED BY INTERLEAVING?
IN THE ORDER OF 40 TIMES THE MAXIMUM LENGTH CORRECTABLE IMPULSE.
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WHAT IS BASEBAND ANALOG VIDEO SIGNAL?
A BASEBAND ANALOG VIDEO SIGNAL IS A CONTINUOUS VARYING SIGNAL WHOSE MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY REPRESENT THE VIDEO CONTENT (E.G., LUMINANCE, CHROMINANCE, SYNCHRONIZATION). A BASEBAND VIDEO SIGNAL CONTAINS ALL THE NECESSARY INFORMATION TO REPRODUCE A PICTURE, BUT IT DOES NOT MODULATE AN RF CARRIER.
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NAME 2 TYPES OF BASEBAND SIGNALING.
- COMPOSITE
- COMPONENT
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WHAT INFORMATION IS CONTAINED IN A COMPOSITE FORMAT ANALOG SIGNAL?
ALL THE COMPONENTS NECESSARY TO CONSTRUCT A MONOCHROME OR COLOR PICTURE BUT NO AUDIO INFORMATION
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WHAT COLORS ARE USED TO CREATE A COLOR VIDEO PICTURE
RED, GREEN, BLUE (RGB).
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HOW DOES A COMPONENT VIDEO KEEP THE THREE-COLOR COMPONENTS OF AN IMAGE SEPARATE?
WITH THREE CABLES.
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WHY IS RGB SIGNAL SEPARATED FROMT HE LUMINANCE SIGNAL IN A COMPONENT VIDEO?
TO MINIMIZE CROSSTALK AND PERMIT HIGHER RESOLUTION.
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HOW IS RGB SIGNALLING TYPICALLY USED?
FOR HIGH-END GRAPHIC WORKSTATIONS WERE THE NEED FOR HIGHER-QUALITY IMAGING IS REQUIRED.
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WHAT DOES AN RF CARRIER REPRESENT?
TV CHANNEL
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WHICH CATEGORIES OF THE BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLING SUPPORT BASEBAND COMPOSITE SIGNALING?
CATEGORY 3/ CLASS C OR HIGHER (N EXCESS OF =100M [328 FT])
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WHICH CATEGORIES OF CABLING SUPPORT RGB COMPONENT SIGNALING?
CATEGORY3/ CLASS C OR HIGHER (FOR A MINIMUM OF -100M [328 FT] USING PASSIVE MEDIA ADAPTERS)
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WHICH CATEGORIES OF BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLING SUPPORT BROADBAND ANALOG CATV SIGNALING?
CATEGORY 5e/CLASS D OR HIGHER.
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WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF AN IDEALIZED TRANMISSION LINE?
2 CONDUCTORS SEPARATED BY A DIESLECTRIC MATERIAL UNIFORMLY SPACED OVER THE LINES LENGTH.
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WHAT WAS THE BASIS OF THE EARLIEST FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF A TRANSMISSION LINE?
RESISTIVE LOSS.
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HOW CAN A TRANSMISSION LINE BE REPRESENTED?
BY AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT CONTAINING ONLY PASSIVE COMPONENTS THAT ARE ARRANFED IN A LADDER NETWORK.
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NAME THE 4 PRIMARY TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS.
- SERIES RESISTANCE
- SERIES INDUCTANCE
- MUTUAL CAPACITANCE
- MUTUAL CONDUCTANCE
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WHAT IS SERIES RESISTANCE?
THE LOOP RESISTANCE OF A PAIR OF CONDUCTORS FOR AN INCREMENTAL LENGTH
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WHAT UNIT OF MEASURMENT IS USED TO EXPRESS SERIES RESISTANCE?
OHMS
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WHAT IS SERIES INDUCATANCE?
THE LOOP INDUCTANCE OF A PAIR OF CONDUCTORS FOR AN INCREMENTAL LENGTH.
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WHAT UNIT OF MEASUREMENT IS USED TO EXPRESS SERIES INDUCTANCE?
HENRIES (H)
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WHAT IS MUTUAL CAPACITANCE?
THE CAPACITANCE BETWEEN A PAIR OF CONDUCTORS FOR AN INCREMENTAL LENGTH.
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WHAT IS THE UNIT OF MEASURE USED TO EXPRESS MUTUAL CAPACITANCE?
FARADS (F)
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HOW CAN THE SECONDARY PARAMETERS OF A TRANSMISSION LINE BE DETERMINED?
-CALCULATED FROM THE PRIMARY PARAMERS
-DIRECT MEASUREMENT
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WHAT UNIT OF MEASURE IS USED TO EXPRESS MUTUAL CONDUCTANCE?
SIEMENS (S)
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WHAT FORMS THE FOUNDATION OF EM WAVE THEORY?
MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS.
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WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFERRED FROM THE SOURCE TO THE LOAD?
WHEN THE SOURCE IMPEDANCE (Zs) AND THE TERMINATING IMPEDANCE (Xt) ARE EQUAL TO THE COMPLEX CONJUGATE OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE.
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WHAT TERM REFERS TO THE RATIO OF OUTPUT TO INPUT POWER (OR VOLTAGE) WHERE THE TERMINATIONS ARE PERFECTLY MATCHED?
ATTENUATION
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WHAT TERM DESCRIBES SIGNAL ITERFERENCE BETWEEN CABLE PAIRS?
CROSSTALK
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HOW IS NVP FOR BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLES EXPRESSED?
AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT.
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WHAT IS THE RANGE OF TYPICAL NVP VALUES FOR 100-OHM BALANCED TWISTED-PAIR CABLES?
.56c TO .74c
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WHAT TERM IS USED TO DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCE IN THE PROPOGATION DELAY BETWEEN ANY PAIRS WITHIN THE SAME SHEATH?
DELAY SKEW
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WHAT TERM DESCRIBES THE RATIO BETWEEN THE TRANSMITTED POWER AND THE REFLECTED POWER?
RETURN LOSS
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WHAT IS SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATION (SNR)?
THE RATION BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF THE RECEIVED SIGNAL AT THE RECEIVER-END AND THE LEVEL OF THE TRANSMITTED SIGNAL.
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HOW IS ATTENUATION-TO-CROSSTALK RATIO (ACR) OBTAINED?
BY SUBTRACTING THE ATTENUATION (dB) FROM THE NEAR-END CROSSTALK (NEXT) (dB).
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HOW IS ACR NORMALLY STATED?
AT A GIVEN FREQUENCY
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WHAT IS POWER SUM ATTENUTAION-TO-CROSSTALK RATIO (PSACR)?
A RATIO IN DECIBELS DETERMINED BY SUBTRACTING THE ATTENUATION FROM PSNEXT LOSS.
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WHAT IS POWER SUM ATTENUATION-TO-ALIEN-CROSSTALK RATIO AT THE NEAR END (PSAACRN)?
A RATIO IN DECIBELS DETERMINED BY SUBTRACTING THE ATTENUATION FROM THE PSANEXT LOSS BETWEEN CABLES OR CHANNELS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY.
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