Chapter 1 Part 1 Flashcards
Anatomy- Study of _______
Structure
3 subdivisions of anatomy
- gross/ macroscopic
- microscopic
- developmental
gross/macroscopic examples
regional, surface anatomy
microscopic examples
cytology and histology
developmental example
embryology
physiology- study of
the function of the body
anatomy and physiology are inseparable. _____ always reflects ______
function structure
6 levels of structural organization
Chemical- atoms&molecules cellular-cells tissue-groups of similar cells organ- 2 or more diff. tissues organ system- organs working together organismal-all organ systems
What organ system offers tissue protection and houses sweat and oil glands?
Integumentary
What organ system protects and supports organs, help causes movements, and forms RBCs?
Skeletal
What organ system maintains posture, allows movement, and produces heat?
Muscular
What organ system responds to internal or External changes by sending impulses to certain locations on the body?
Nervous
What organ system secretes hormones?
Endocrine
What organ system transports nutrients and oxygen through the body and pumps blood to the heart
Cardiovascular
What organ system is involved in immunity, cleans the body and houses wbcs?
Lymphatic
What organ system constantly keeps the blood supplied with oxygen and exchanges CO2?
Respiratory
What organ system breaks down food as energy?
Digestive
What organ system eliminates nitrogenous waste, regulates water and electrolyte levels?
Urinary
What organ system is for production of offspring?
Reproductive
Define homeostasis
When the body is at a state of equilibrium despite changes occurring using negative/ positive feedback
What are your three control mechanisms used in negative and positive feedback?
Receptor- monitors environment
Control center- determines set point, input from receiver
Effector- receives input from control center, provides means to respond to change
What does the control center do?
Determines the set point, receive input from receptor
What does the receptor do?
Monitors environment
What does the effector do?
Receive input form control center and provides the mean to respond to change
Negative feedback is the most used mechanism in the body. T/F?
True
Negative feedback ______ original stimuli. The variable will change in the ______ direction
Reduces, opposite
Be able to list the steps to negative feedback regulation of blood glucose by insulin
- Receptor sense increased blood sugar
- Pancreas (Control center) secrete insulin into the blood
- Insulin causes body cells to absorb glucose, decrease blood glucose level
___________ feedback enhances or exaggerated original stimulus
Positive
Positive feedback may cause a ____________ effect
Enhancing
Be able to list the positive feedback mechanism for platelet plug formation
- break occurs in BV
- platelets adhere to site and release chemicals
- chemicals attract more platelets
- platelet plug is formed
What can occur if you have a disturbance in your homeostasis?
Increased risk of disease, control center is less efficient
Anatomical position is feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointing away form the body. T/F
True
Right and left refer to the body being viewed, not those of the observer. T/F
True
Superior/cranial means
Toward the upper part of the body
Inferior means?
Toward the bottom of the body
VENTRAL/ anterior
Front of the body
Posterior/ dorsal
Back of the body
Medial
Toward the midline
Lateral
Farther away from the middle of the body
Intermediate
Between the midline and lateral aspects. Ex: armpit
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment
Superficial
Toward the skin, body surface
Deep/ internal
Away from body surface
A flat surface in which the body may be cut for anatomical position
Body plane
Three body planes are?
Sagittal
Frontal / coronal
Transverse
Sagittal splits the body how?
Between left and right
How does the frontal plane cut the body?
It divides the body between front and back
How does transverse plane split the body?
Between top and bottom
What are your internal two body cavities?
Dorsal and ventral
Your dorsal body cavity contains______ and ______
Cranial and vertebral
Viscera?
Lines internal organs
The ventral body cavity has two subdivisions, _____ and ____ separated by your ______
Thoracic, abdominopelvic, diaphragm
Your thoracic cavity has four cavities in it
- two ______
- _________
- __________- encloses the heart
Pleural, mediastinum, pericardial
Your two pleural cavities surround?
A lung each
This thoracic cavity contains the pericardial cavity, and surrounds thoracic organs
Mediastinum
Your abdominopelvic cavity has two parts that are the
Abdomen and pelvic
This cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver
Abdomen
This cavity contains the urinary bladder reproductive organs in rectum
Pelvic
Serious membrane/ serosa is a
Thin, double layered membrane
What serosa lines the internal body cavity
Parietal
What serosa covers internal body organs?
Visceral
This Serosa is separated by a cavity filled with
Serous fluid
____ serosa for the heart
Pericardium
Serosa of the lungs?
Pleurae
______ serosa of the abdominopelvic cavity
Peritoneum
