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A&P 1 Exam 1 > Chapter 1 Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy- Study of _______

A

Structure

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2
Q

3 subdivisions of anatomy

A
  1. gross/ macroscopic
  2. microscopic
  3. developmental
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3
Q

gross/macroscopic examples

A

regional, surface anatomy

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4
Q

microscopic examples

A

cytology and histology

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5
Q

developmental example

A

embryology

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6
Q

physiology- study of

A

the function of the body

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7
Q

anatomy and physiology are inseparable. _____ always reflects ______

A 
function
structure
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8
Q

6 levels of structural organization

A 
Chemical- atoms&molecules
cellular-cells
tissue-groups of similar cells
organ- 2 or more diff. tissues
organ system- organs working together
organismal-all organ systems
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9
Q

What organ system offers tissue protection and houses sweat and oil glands?

A

Integumentary

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10
Q

What organ system protects and supports organs, help causes movements, and forms RBCs?

A

Skeletal

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11
Q

What organ system maintains posture, allows movement, and produces heat?

A

Muscular

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12
Q

What organ system responds to internal or External changes by sending impulses to certain locations on the body?

A

Nervous

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13
Q

What organ system secretes hormones?

A

Endocrine

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14
Q

What organ system transports nutrients and oxygen through the body and pumps blood to the heart

A

Cardiovascular

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15
Q

What organ system is involved in immunity, cleans the body and houses wbcs?

A

Lymphatic

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16
Q

What organ system constantly keeps the blood supplied with oxygen and exchanges CO2?

A

Respiratory

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17
Q

What organ system breaks down food as energy?

A

Digestive

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18
Q

What organ system eliminates nitrogenous waste, regulates water and electrolyte levels?

A

Urinary

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19
Q

What organ system is for production of offspring?

A

Reproductive

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20
Q

Define homeostasis

A

When the body is at a state of equilibrium despite changes occurring using negative/ positive feedback

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21
Q

What are your three control mechanisms used in negative and positive feedback?

A

Receptor- monitors environment
Control center- determines set point, input from receiver
Effector- receives input from control center, provides means to respond to change

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22
Q

What does the control center do?

A

Determines the set point, receive input from receptor

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23
Q

What does the receptor do?

A

Monitors environment

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24
Q

What does the effector do?

A

Receive input form control center and provides the mean to respond to change

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25
Q

Negative feedback is the most used mechanism in the body. T/F?

A

True

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26
Q

Negative feedback ______ original stimuli. The variable will change in the ______ direction

A

Reduces, opposite

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27
Q

Be able to list the steps to negative feedback regulation of blood glucose by insulin

A
  1. Receptor sense increased blood sugar
  2. Pancreas (Control center) secrete insulin into the blood
  3. Insulin causes body cells to absorb glucose, decrease blood glucose level
28
Q

___________ feedback enhances or exaggerated original stimulus

A

Positive

29
Q

Positive feedback may cause a ____________ effect

A

Enhancing

30
Q

Be able to list the positive feedback mechanism for platelet plug formation

A
  • break occurs in BV
  • platelets adhere to site and release chemicals
  • chemicals attract more platelets
  • platelet plug is formed
31
Q

What can occur if you have a disturbance in your homeostasis?

A

Increased risk of disease, control center is less efficient

32
Q

Anatomical position is feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointing away form the body. T/F

A

True

33
Q

Right and left refer to the body being viewed, not those of the observer. T/F

A

True

34
Q

Superior/cranial means

A

Toward the upper part of the body

35
Q

Inferior means?

A

Toward the bottom of the body

36
Q

VENTRAL/ anterior

A

Front of the body

37
Q

Posterior/ dorsal

A

Back of the body

38
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

39
Q

Lateral

A

Farther away from the middle of the body

40
Q

Intermediate

A

Between the midline and lateral aspects. Ex: armpit

41
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the point of attachment

42
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the point of attachment

43
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the skin, body surface

44
Q

Deep/ internal

A

Away from body surface

45
Q

A flat surface in which the body may be cut for anatomical position

A

Body plane

46
Q

Three body planes are?

A

Sagittal
Frontal / coronal
Transverse

47
Q

Sagittal splits the body how?

A

Between left and right

48
Q

How does the frontal plane cut the body?

A

It divides the body between front and back

49
Q

How does transverse plane split the body?

A

Between top and bottom

50
Q

What are your internal two body cavities?

A

Dorsal and ventral

51
Q

Your dorsal body cavity contains______ and ______

A

Cranial and vertebral

52
Q

Viscera?

A

Lines internal organs

53
Q

The ventral body cavity has two subdivisions, _____ and ____ separated by your ______

A

Thoracic, abdominopelvic, diaphragm

54
Q

Your thoracic cavity has four cavities in it

  • two ______
  • _________
  • __________- encloses the heart
A

Pleural, mediastinum, pericardial

55
Q

Your two pleural cavities surround?

A

A lung each

56
Q

This thoracic cavity contains the pericardial cavity, and surrounds thoracic organs

A

Mediastinum

57
Q

Your abdominopelvic cavity has two parts that are the

A

Abdomen and pelvic

58
Q

This cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

A

Abdomen

59
Q

This cavity contains the urinary bladder reproductive organs in rectum

A

Pelvic

60
Q

Serious membrane/ serosa is a

A

Thin, double layered membrane

61
Q

What serosa lines the internal body cavity

A

Parietal

62
Q

What serosa covers internal body organs?

A

Visceral

63
Q

This Serosa is separated by a cavity filled with

A

Serous fluid

64
Q

____ serosa for the heart

A

Pericardium

65
Q

Serosa of the lungs?

A

Pleurae

66
Q

______ serosa of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Peritoneum

A&P 1 Exam 1 (2 decks)

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