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History > Chapter 1: Overview of WWI > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Overview of WWI Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the most powerful continent by the 19th century?

A

Europe

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2
Q

Which were the countries that were the strongest in Europe in the 19th century?

A

Austria-Hungary, Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Russia.

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3
Q

When did WWI start?

A

August 1914

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4
Q

What were the names of the 2 opposing alliances that the 6 most powerful countries in Europe were divided into?

A
  1. The Central Powers
  2. The Allies
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5
Q

What countries that were part of the Central Powers?

A
  1. Germany
  2. Austria-Hungary
  3. Italy
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6
Q

What countries were part of the Allies?

A
  1. Britain
  2. France
  3. Russia
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7
Q

When was the German empire formed?

A

1871

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8
Q

What happened when Kaiser Wilhelm I died in 1888?

A

His grandson took over his role

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9
Q

What were Wilhelm II’s thoughts about Germany?

A
  1. He felt that Germany needed to assert itself more internationally, to let other know that it was also a great power.
  2. He was concerned about the threat of encirclement posed by Britain, France and Russia.
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10
Q

What was the history behind Germany and France?

A

Germany had invaded France twice and they brought a lot of damage to French industrial territories. Thus, they are enemies.

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11
Q

What did Wilhelm II’s concerns lead him to do?

A
  1. He strengthened his ties with Austria-Hungary.
  2. As Germany’s army was already the most powerful int the world, he focused on building a navy as part of his plan to assert Germany internationally.
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12
Q

What was the impact of Germany’s actions?

A

It began to worry some of the European powers, such as France and Russia, both of which had borders with Germany.

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13
Q

What did those 2 powers do in response to Germany’s actions?

A

They began building up their armed forces and formed the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1894.

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14
Q

Who else was alarmed by Germany’s actions and what did they do in response?

A

Britain.
1. They formed an alliance with France.
2. They signed an agreement with Russia in 1907.
3. They engaged in a naval arms race with Germany.

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15
Q

What did the naval arms race between Britain and Germany result in?

A

The building of many powerful warships.

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16
Q

What did the British, French and Russians think of their actions?

A

They thought it was reasonable.

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17
Q

What did Germany think of Britain, France and Russia’s actions?

A

They thought that it was very suspicious

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18
Q

What happened in 1908 between Austria Hungary and Bosnia?

A

Austria-Hungary unexpectedly annexed Bosnia.

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19
Q

How did Serbia view this annexation as and why?

A

They viewed it as a threat as they were a neighbouring country to Bosnia.

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20
Q

What did Russia do in support of Bosnia when Austria-Hungary annexed them?

A

They protested the annexation.

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21
Q

Who was Serbia to Russia?

A

A key ally.

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22
Q

Why did Russia back down in the protest of Austria-Hungary’s annexation of Bosnia?

A

They backed down when Germany made it clear that it would support Austria-Hungary as Russia was not prepared to risk war with Germany.

23
Q

What happened on 28 June 1914?

A

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the future ruler of Austria-Hungary, was assasinated during a visit to Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital, by a member of a Bosnian-Serb nationalist group.

24
Q

What did Austria-Hungary make use of this opportunity to do?

A

It made use of this opportunity to defend its control over Bosnia and declared war on Serbia.

25
Q

What did a war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia mean?

A

It meant that there would also be a war between Austria-Hungary and Russia.

26
Q

Who else declared war on Serbia and why did they?

A

Germany, in support of Austria-Hungary.

27
Q

Why was WWI considered a global conflict even though the fighting was in Europe?

A

Troops from all over the world, including those from British and French colonies, took part in this deadly conflict to support their allies.

28
Q

What did Italy do when it entered WWI in 1915?

A

Although they were part of the Central Powers, they entered the war on the side of the Allies.

29
Q

Why did Italy do so?

A

They hoped that by doing so, they could gain more benefits for itself when the war ended.

30
Q

Who else joined the Allies in 1917

A

USA.

31
Q

Who pulled out of war in 1917?

A

Russia

32
Q

What happened in March 1918 between Russia and Germany?

A

Russia signed a peace agreement with Germany (Treaty of Brest-Litovik), ceding many of their territories and valuable resources to Germany.

33
Q

When did WWI end?

A

11 November 1918.

34
Q

How did WWI end?

A

Germany agreed to sign an armstice with the Allies to stop the fighting.

35
Q

What was the final death toll from fighting, starvation and disease?

A

40 million.

36
Q

What was the impact of WWI on Germany?

A

They lost control of the country and the Kaiser was thrown into revolution.

37
Q

What was the impact of WWI on Austria-Hungary ?

A

It collapsed and led to the empire breaking up into many smaller countries.

38
Q

What was the impact of WWI on Britain?

A
  1. Althought they were victorious from winning the war, they emerged even weaker than they were in 1914.
  2. Britain lost a lot lives from fighting and money.
39
Q

What was the imapct of WWI on France?

A

France was the most affected by WWI as not only did it lose many lives, but it also saw damage to large parts of its industrial regions.

40
Q

What happened in 1917 to Russia after they pulled out of WWI? (Country)

A

The first revolution happened in March 1917, where the Russians overthrew the existing ruler at that time, Tsar Nicholas II.

41
Q

Who was the Tsar replaced with?

A

A provisional government that was composed of democratically elected members of the Russia Parliament.

42
Q

What happened in November 1917 to the provisional government?

A

They were overthrown in a second revolution by the Bolshevik party, led by Vladmir Lenin.

43
Q

Were the Bolsheviks communists or democrats or dictators?

A

Communists.

44
Q

What did the Bolsheviks believe in?

A

They believed that all land, properties and industries should be owned and run by the state on behalf of the ordinary people.

45
Q

What were most of the Russians reactions to the Bolsheviks?

A

Many groups, such as the supporters of the Tsar, land owners and army commanders, were not prepared to accept the Bolshevik’s rule.

46
Q

What did those groups become known as eventually?

A

The Whites, an anti-Bolshevik movement.

47
Q

Which countries sent troops to help the Whites against the Reds?

A

US, Britain, Japan and France.

48
Q

Why did they send troops to help the Whites?

A

They saw communism as opposed to their political systems based on democracy and capitalist economies based on the belief in the importance of wealth and private property.

49
Q

Who won the Russian Civil War?

A

The Reds

50
Q

What did this win mean for Russia?

A

Russia would become a communist state by 1922

51
Q

What did becoming a communist state mean for Russia?

A

Russia then became the largest territory in the Soviet Union, a union of 15 communist republics.

52
Q

What was the impact of WWI on US?

A

US was now the world’s greatest power as it emerged stronger and richer than ever before.

53
Q

How did US become the strongest power in the world after WWI?

A

They benefitted from the sale of weapons during the war.

54
Q

What was the impact of WWI on Japan?

A

They increased in wealth and power as it did not take part in the fighting though it had an agreement with Britain to protect the British colonies in Asia. This meant that they did not suffer any war damage and thus was able to focus on building its own economy and army.

History (3 decks)

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