Chapter 1: Overview of Psychology Flashcards
What is psychology?
The science of behavioral and mental processes
What are the goals of Psychology?
Description, understanding, prediction and control/influence
How did Psychology emerges as a field of knowledge?
Modern psychological approach came up around 2000 years ago and started with experimental
psychology
What is a scientific method? Why is it important for psychologist?
Scientific methods refer to empirical investigations that are based on systematic observation of phenomena (1) to describe the phenomena (i.e., to reach the goal of description), (2) to detect orderly relationships (laws) governing interrelationships of variables (i.e., to reach the goal of prediction), or (3) to determine the cause-effect relationships between two or more variables (i.e., to reach the goal of understanding and control/influence)
Psychodynamic view
Behaviour is directed by forces within one’s personality that are often hidden or unconscious.
Behaviouristic view
Behaviour is shaped and controlled by one’s environment.
Humanistic view
Behaviour is guided by one’s
self-image, by subjective perceptions of the world, and by
needs for personal growth.
Biopsychological view
Human and animal behaviour is
the result of internal physical,
chemical, and biological
processes.
Cognitive view
Much human behaviour can be
understood in terms of the mental processing of information.
Sociocultural view
Culture, ethnicity, and gender
identity are important to
understand a person.
