Chapter 1: Overview of Community Health Nursing Flashcards
Public Health Service
Developed in 1798
Systems thinking
How an individual or unit interacts with other organizations or systems.
Systems thinking is useful in examining what type of relationships?
Cause and effect
Upstream thinking
Used to focus on interventions that promote health or prevent illness, as opposed to medical treatment models that focus on care after an individual becomes ill.
Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
Highlights relationship between an individual’s environment and health. Depicts health as a continuum and recognizes preventive care.
Health Belief Model
Predicts or explains health behaviors. Assumes preventive health behaviors are taken primarily for the purpose of avoiding disease.
What level is change emphasized in the Health Belief Model?
Individual level
What does the health belief model describe the likelihood of taking action to avoid disease based on?
Perceived susceptibility, modifying factors, cues to action, perceived benefits minus perceived barriers to taking action
Perceived susceptibility
Seriousness and threat of disease
Modifying factors
Demographics and knowledge level
Cues to action
media campaigns, disease effect on family and friends, recommendations from healthcare providers
Milio’s Framework for prevention
Complements the health belief model. Identified relationships between health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources. Theorizes that behavior change within a large number of people can ultimately lead to social change.
Milio’s Framework for prevention emphasizes change at what level?
Community
Pender’s Health Promotion Model
Similar to health belief model. Does NOT consider health risk as a factor that promotes change. Examines factors that affect individual actions to promote and protect health.
Factors included in Pender’s Health Promotion Model
- Personal factors
- Feelings/benefits/barriers
- Attitudes of others, competing demands and preferences
Assessment
Using systematic methods to monitor the health of a population. Includes diagnosing and investigating problems within a community
Policy Development
Developing laws and practices to promote health of a population based on scientific evidence.
What does policy development include?
Informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues. Mobilizing community partnerships to identify and solve problems. Developing policies and plans to support individual and community health efforts.
Assurance
Making sure adequate healthcare personnel and services are accessible, especially to those who might not normally have them.
What does assurance include?
Enforcing laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety. Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the provision of health care when otherwise available. Ensures a competent public health and personal health workforce. Evaluates effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based healthcare services.
What is the primary goal of community-oriented nursing?
Health promotion and disease prevention
Community-oriented nursing activities
Usually indirect through program management. Can include direct care of at-risk individuals and populations
Epidemiology
Study of health-related trends in populations for the purposes of disease prevention, health promotion, and health maitenance