Chapter 1: Overview of Community Health Nursing

Question 1

Public Health Service

Answer 1

Developed in 1798

Question 2

Systems thinking

Answer 2

How an individual or unit interacts with other organizations or systems.

Question 3

Systems thinking is useful in examining what type of relationships?

Answer 3

Cause and effect

Question 4

Upstream thinking

Answer 4

Used to focus on interventions that promote health or prevent illness, as opposed to medical treatment models that focus on care after an individual becomes ill.

Question 5

Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

Answer 5

Highlights relationship between an individual’s environment and health. Depicts health as a continuum and recognizes preventive care.

Question 6

Health Belief Model

Answer 6

Predicts or explains health behaviors. Assumes preventive health behaviors are taken primarily for the purpose of avoiding disease.

Question 7

What level is change emphasized in the Health Belief Model?

Answer 7

Individual level

Question 8

What does the health belief model describe the likelihood of taking action to avoid disease based on?

Answer 8

Perceived susceptibility, modifying factors, cues to action, perceived benefits minus perceived barriers to taking action

Question 9

Perceived susceptibility

Answer 9

Seriousness and threat of disease

Question 10

Modifying factors

Answer 10

Demographics and knowledge level

Question 11

Cues to action

Answer 11

media campaigns, disease effect on family and friends, recommendations from healthcare providers

Question 12

Milio’s Framework for prevention

Answer 12

Complements the health belief model. Identified relationships between health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources. Theorizes that behavior change within a large number of people can ultimately lead to social change.

Question 13

Milio’s Framework for prevention emphasizes change at what level?

Answer 13

Community

Question 14

Pender’s Health Promotion Model

Answer 14

Similar to health belief model. Does NOT consider health risk as a factor that promotes change. Examines factors that affect individual actions to promote and protect health.

Question 15

Factors included in Pender’s Health Promotion Model

Answer 15

• Personal factors
• Feelings/benefits/barriers
• Attitudes of others, competing demands and preferences

Question 16

Assessment

Answer 16

Using systematic methods to monitor the health of a population. Includes diagnosing and investigating problems within a community

Question 17

Policy Development

Answer 17

Developing laws and practices to promote health of a population based on scientific evidence.

Question 18

What does policy development include?

Answer 18

Informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues. Mobilizing community partnerships to identify and solve problems. Developing policies and plans to support individual and community health efforts.

Question 19

Assurance

Answer 19

Making sure adequate healthcare personnel and services are accessible, especially to those who might not normally have them.

Question 20

What does assurance include?

Answer 20

Enforcing laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety. Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the provision of health care when otherwise available. Ensures a competent public health and personal health workforce. Evaluates effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based healthcare services.

Question 21

What is the primary goal of community-oriented nursing?

Answer 21

Health promotion and disease prevention

Question 22

Community-oriented nursing activities

Answer 22

Usually indirect through program management. Can include direct care of at-risk individuals and populations

Question 23

Epidemiology

Answer 23

Study of health-related trends in populations for the purposes of disease prevention, health promotion, and health maitenance