Chapter 1: Overview & Basic Concepts Flashcards
1
Q
1.) Describe the difference between sex and gender.
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2
Q
- Explaingender dysphoria.
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3
Q
- Describe the anatomical position.
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4
Q
- Differentiate the major anatomical planes and describe terminology used for
specific planes (e.g., median plane).
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5
Q
- Use correct terminology to discuss the relationships between anatomical
structures (e.g., anterior, proximal).
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6
Q
- Use correct terminology to describe movements of various body parts (e.g.,
flexion, abduction).
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7
Q
- Describe the two layers of the skin (epidermis and dermis).
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8
Q
- Describe the two major types of fascia (superficial and deep), their function
and general locations.
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9
Q
- Explain the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton.
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10
Q
- Distinguish the three basic structural types of joints (fibrous, cartilaginous,
synovial).
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11
Q
- Describe the components of a typical synovial joint.
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12
Q
- Describe four basic types of bony features (elevation, depression, opening,
space) and list examples of each type (e.g., tubercle, fossa, foramen, cavity).
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13
Q
- Describe four basic types of bony features (elevation, depression, opening,
space) and list examples of each type (e.g., tubercle, fossa, foramen, cavity).
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14
Q
- List the three types of muscle and where they are found in the body.
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15
Q
- Explain the terms origin and insertion with respect to a muscle.
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16
Q
- Explain the anatomical and functional differences between arteries and veins.
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17
Q
- Define the following terms: anastomosis, collateral circulation, end artery,
venae comitantes, venous plexus, portal system.
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18
Q
- Describe the basic organization (lymphatic capillaries, vessels, nodes, trunks, ducts) and function of the lymphatic system.
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19
Q
- Name the regions of the body that convey lymph to the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct and explain how this lymph enters the circulation.
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20
Q
- Identify and locate the major groups of lymph nodes in the body.
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21
Q
- Describe the general organization of the nervous system (e.g., central vs. peripheral).
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22
Q
- Explain the difference between cranial nerves and spinal nerves, and list how many of each are found in the body.
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23
Q
- Describe the structure of the spinal cord and the organization of the meninges.
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24
Q
- Explain the relationship between the spinal cord and vertebral column.
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25
Q
- Define the concept of a spinal cord segment, and explain what a dermatome is; contrast with peripheral cutaneous nerve territories.
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26
Q
- Identify the parts of a typical spinal nerve and describe the distribution of the dorsal and ventral rami.
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27
Q
- Explain how spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal.
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28
Q
- Describe the basic structure of a neuron and explain the difference between “neuron” and “nerve.”
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29
Q
- Define the following terms in the context of the nervous system: nucleus, tract, ganglion, nerve.
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30
Q
- Describe the different structural types of neurons (unipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar, multipolar).
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31
Q
- Describe the different functional types of neurons (somatic afferent, somatic efferent, visceral afferent, visceral efferent) and explain generally what they innervate.
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32
Q
- Name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and their basic functions.
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33
Q
- Explain the terms “preganglionic fiber” and “postganglionic fiber” in the context of the ANS.
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34
Q
- Describe the locations of sympathetic cell bodies (thoracolumbar lateral horn, sympathetic chain ganglia, prevertebral ganglia) and the general routes of their preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.
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35
Q
- Explain the following terms associated with the sympathetic nervous system: white ramus communicans, gray ramus communicans, internal/external carotid plexuses, splanchnic nerve, cardiac nerve.
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36
Q
- Describe the locations of parasympathetic cell bodies (cranial nerve nuclei, sacral lateral horn, parasympathetic ganglia) and the general routes of their preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.
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37
Q
- List the cranial nerves that contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons.
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38
Q
- Discuss the function of visceral afferent neurons that travel with sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons.
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39
Q
- Explain how images are generated in major imaging modalities used in clinical medicine (radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imagining, ultrasonography and mammography).
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40
Q
- Describe the conventions used to view various types of imaging studies (e.g., radiographs are viewed as if you are facing the patient).
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41
Q
- Explain how the density, thickness and shape of a structure affects its appearance on radiographic images.
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42
Q
- Define the terms used to describe anatomic structures on common imaging studies (radiolucent, radioopaque, high/low attenuation, high/low signal intensity, echogenicity: anechoic, hypoechoic, hyperechoic).
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