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Developmental psychology > Chapter 1 Outline > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Outline Flashcards

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1
Q

Testing that measures temperament attitudes, and adaptability, as well as being available for follow up for the next 10 years. Researcher is interested in the study of

A

Personality

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2
Q

Researchers who use intellectual IQ testing as a part of their research are researching this

A

Cognitive development

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3
Q

Biological and environmental factors that are associated with a certain historical event such as the bombing of Pearl Harbor can be considered

A

History graded influences

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4
Q

Symptoms of hot flashes hormones geriatrics infancy are considered what type of influences

A

Age graded influences

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5
Q

A case of rubella in the 11th week of pregnancy as opposed to the 13 week of pregnancy the difference in the way Rebello would affect the unborn child at these two times is an example of?

A

Critical period

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6
Q

The predetermined unfolding of genetic information is known as

A

Maturation

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7
Q

Which statement best reflects how many researchers view the nature nurture question

A

Both sides should be considered because most behaviors fall somewhere in between

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8
Q

Unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior

A

Psychoanalytical theory Freud

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9
Q

Are young woman who has a fear of relationships of others. She can be said to have had a negative outcome in Ericksons ________stage of psychosocial development.

A

Intimacy vs. isolation

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10
Q

Conditioning in which the response being conditioned is voluntary and purposeful

A

Operant conditioning

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11
Q

The response is automatic this is what type of conditioning. Dog with food paired with the sound of a bell. Noise and neutral stimulus

A

Classical conditioning

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12
Q

A student watching other students receive stickers and other words from the teacher for sitting at their desk than completing their work. The student begins to behave like other kindergartners do this is what type of learning?

A

Modeling

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13
Q

The approach that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world is called the?

A

Cognitive perspective

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14
Q

What type of development approach is cutting edge and at the forefront of research when working with jeans, mental health disorders, autism, and schizophrenia?

A

Cognitive neuroscience

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15
Q

The _____ perspective contends that people have a natural capacity to control their behavior.

A

Humanistic perspective

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16
Q

Which approach to development suggest that there are five levels of the environment that simultaneously influence individuals?

A

Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological approach

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17
Q

People who lived in New York during 9/11 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center experience share challenges due to the attack that are called _____ effects.

A

Cohort effects

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18
Q

A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened with positive or negative consequences is called?

A

Operant conditioning

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19
Q

_____ ______ is a formal technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidences of unwanted ones

A

Behavior modification

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20
Q

Which theory emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture

A

Socio-cultural theory

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21
Q

I historical event such as the Terrace attacks in New York on September 11 would be considered by Bronfenbrenner to follow within which system?

A

Chronosystem

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22
Q

Process opposing and answering questions using careful, control techniques that include systematic, orderly observation in the collection of data?

A

Scientific method

23
Q

_______research is designed to discover casual relationships between various factors.

A

Experimental research

24
Q

In order to learn about children’s toy preferences, researchers interview children at a local preschool and base their inferences on the children’s responses. This is an example of _____research.

A

Survey research

25
Q

The device that provides a detailed, three-dimensional computer generated image of brain activity by eating a powerful magnetic field of the brain is called a _____.

A

F MRI scan

26
Q

Researchers conducted an experiment in which one group is exposed to treatment a and the other group is exposed to treatment be. The treatments are the ______

A

Dependent variable.

27
Q

In its study of growth, change, and stability, lifespan development takes a________approach

A

Scientific

28
Q

Age and range differences

A 
Prenatal
Infancy and toddler hood
Preschool period
Middle childhood
Adolescence
Young adulthood
Middle adulthood
Late adulthood
29
Q

Cultural factors and developmental diversity

A

Bride differences
- social constructions that are arbitrary and culturally defined

Finer differences

  • ethnicity
  • race
  • socioeconomic status
  • gender
30
Q

Cohort

A

A group of people born at around the same time in the same place

31
Q

Influences on development

A

History graded influences
Age graded influences
Socio-cultural graded influences
Nonnormative life event

32
Q

Lifespan development

A

Development is a scientific approach to understanding human growth and change throughout life.

The field covers a broad range of ages and topical areas. It’s chief aim is to examine the links between human age groups in the areas of physical, cognitive, social, and personality development.

33
Q

Membership and a cohort is based on

A

Based on place of birth, subject people to influence based on historical events. (history graded influences parentheses).

34
Q

Determining the nature and nurture a lifespan development

A

Continuous versus discontinuous change.

Lifespan approach VS. Particular periods approach

Critical periods VS. Sensitive Periods

Nature versus nurture

35
Q

Critical period

A

Specific time during development on a particular event has its greatest consequences in the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are necessary for development to proceed normally.

36
Q

Grady theory

A

Human development occurs in small measurable amounts

37
Q

Physical development

A

Examining the ways in which the body’s make up – the brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and the need for food, drink, and sleep-helps determine behavior

38
Q

Cognitive development

A

Development involving the ways that growth and change in an electric heat abilities influence a person’s behavior

39
Q

Personality development

A

Development involving the ways that the enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the lifespan

40
Q

Social development

A

The way in which individuals interactions with others in their social relationships grow change and remain stable over the course of life

41
Q

Cohort

A

A group of people born at around the same time in the same place

42
Q

Continuous change

A

Gradual development in which achievements at one level build on those of previous levels

43
Q

Discontinuous change

A

Development that occurs in distinct steps or stages, with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively it really different from behaviors at earlier stages

44
Q

Critical period

A

A specific time during development in a particular event has its greatest consequences in the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are necessary for development proceed normally

45
Q

Sensitive period

A

Important development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environment but the absence of those stimuli does not always produced irreversible consequences

46
Q

Maturation

A

The predetermined unfolding of genetic information

47
Q

Psychoanalytical theory

A

The unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior

48
Q

Psychodynamic perspective

A

The approach that states behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally be on peoples awareness and control

49
Q

Theories

A

Brought explanations and predictions about phenomena of interest

50
Q

Psychosexual development

A

A series of stages the children passed through and which pleasure, or gratification, is focused on a particular biological function and body

51
Q

Psychosocial development

A

According to Ericsson development that encompasses changes both in understanding individuals have of themselves as members of society and in their comprehension of the meaning of others behavior

52
Q

Behavioral perspective

A

The approach suggest that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment

53
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Type of learning in which an organisms respond in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response

Developmental psychology (2 decks)

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