Chapter 1 Outline Flashcards
Testing that measures temperament attitudes, and adaptability, as well as being available for follow up for the next 10 years. Researcher is interested in the study of
Personality
Researchers who use intellectual IQ testing as a part of their research are researching this
Cognitive development
Biological and environmental factors that are associated with a certain historical event such as the bombing of Pearl Harbor can be considered
History graded influences
Symptoms of hot flashes hormones geriatrics infancy are considered what type of influences
Age graded influences
A case of rubella in the 11th week of pregnancy as opposed to the 13 week of pregnancy the difference in the way Rebello would affect the unborn child at these two times is an example of?
Critical period
The predetermined unfolding of genetic information is known as
Maturation
Which statement best reflects how many researchers view the nature nurture question
Both sides should be considered because most behaviors fall somewhere in between
Unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior
Psychoanalytical theory Freud
Are young woman who has a fear of relationships of others. She can be said to have had a negative outcome in Ericksons ________stage of psychosocial development.
Intimacy vs. isolation
Conditioning in which the response being conditioned is voluntary and purposeful
Operant conditioning
The response is automatic this is what type of conditioning. Dog with food paired with the sound of a bell. Noise and neutral stimulus
Classical conditioning
A student watching other students receive stickers and other words from the teacher for sitting at their desk than completing their work. The student begins to behave like other kindergartners do this is what type of learning?
Modeling
The approach that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world is called the?
Cognitive perspective
What type of development approach is cutting edge and at the forefront of research when working with jeans, mental health disorders, autism, and schizophrenia?
Cognitive neuroscience
The _____ perspective contends that people have a natural capacity to control their behavior.
Humanistic perspective
Which approach to development suggest that there are five levels of the environment that simultaneously influence individuals?
Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological approach
People who lived in New York during 9/11 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center experience share challenges due to the attack that are called _____ effects.
Cohort effects
A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened with positive or negative consequences is called?
Operant conditioning
_____ ______ is a formal technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidences of unwanted ones
Behavior modification
Which theory emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture
Socio-cultural theory
I historical event such as the Terrace attacks in New York on September 11 would be considered by Bronfenbrenner to follow within which system?
Chronosystem
Process opposing and answering questions using careful, control techniques that include systematic, orderly observation in the collection of data?
Scientific method
_______research is designed to discover casual relationships between various factors.
Experimental research
In order to learn about children’s toy preferences, researchers interview children at a local preschool and base their inferences on the children’s responses. This is an example of _____research.
Survey research
The device that provides a detailed, three-dimensional computer generated image of brain activity by eating a powerful magnetic field of the brain is called a _____.
F MRI scan
Researchers conducted an experiment in which one group is exposed to treatment a and the other group is exposed to treatment be. The treatments are the ______
Dependent variable.
In its study of growth, change, and stability, lifespan development takes a________approach
Scientific
Age and range differences
Prenatal Infancy and toddler hood Preschool period Middle childhood Adolescence Young adulthood Middle adulthood Late adulthood
Cultural factors and developmental diversity
Bride differences
- social constructions that are arbitrary and culturally defined
Finer differences
- ethnicity
- race
- socioeconomic status
- gender
Cohort
A group of people born at around the same time in the same place
Influences on development
History graded influences
Age graded influences
Socio-cultural graded influences
Nonnormative life event
Lifespan development
Development is a scientific approach to understanding human growth and change throughout life.
The field covers a broad range of ages and topical areas. It’s chief aim is to examine the links between human age groups in the areas of physical, cognitive, social, and personality development.
Membership and a cohort is based on
Based on place of birth, subject people to influence based on historical events. (history graded influences parentheses).
Determining the nature and nurture a lifespan development
Continuous versus discontinuous change.
Lifespan approach VS. Particular periods approach
Critical periods VS. Sensitive Periods
Nature versus nurture
Critical period
Specific time during development on a particular event has its greatest consequences in the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are necessary for development to proceed normally.
Grady theory
Human development occurs in small measurable amounts
Physical development
Examining the ways in which the body’s make up – the brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and the need for food, drink, and sleep-helps determine behavior
Cognitive development
Development involving the ways that growth and change in an electric heat abilities influence a person’s behavior
Personality development
Development involving the ways that the enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the lifespan
Social development
The way in which individuals interactions with others in their social relationships grow change and remain stable over the course of life
Cohort
A group of people born at around the same time in the same place
Continuous change
Gradual development in which achievements at one level build on those of previous levels
Discontinuous change
Development that occurs in distinct steps or stages, with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively it really different from behaviors at earlier stages
Critical period
A specific time during development in a particular event has its greatest consequences in the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are necessary for development proceed normally
Sensitive period
Important development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environment but the absence of those stimuli does not always produced irreversible consequences
Maturation
The predetermined unfolding of genetic information
Psychoanalytical theory
The unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior
Psychodynamic perspective
The approach that states behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally be on peoples awareness and control
Theories
Brought explanations and predictions about phenomena of interest
Psychosexual development
A series of stages the children passed through and which pleasure, or gratification, is focused on a particular biological function and body
Psychosocial development
According to Ericsson development that encompasses changes both in understanding individuals have of themselves as members of society and in their comprehension of the meaning of others behavior
Behavioral perspective
The approach suggest that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment
Classical conditioning
Type of learning in which an organisms respond in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response
