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A&P 1 > Chapter 1 OrganizationOf The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 OrganizationOf The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

The science of body structures and relationships among the structures.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

The science of body functions.

A

Physiology

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3
Q

The first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg

A

Embryology

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4
Q

Cellular structure and function

A

Cell Biology

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5
Q

Microscopic structure of

tissues.

A

Histology

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6
Q

Structures that can be

examined without a microscope

A

Gross Anatomy

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7
Q

Structure of specific

systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems

A

Systemic Anatomy

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8
Q

Specific regions of the

body such as the head or chest.

A

Regional Anatomy

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9
Q

Surface markings of the

body

A

Surface Anatomy

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10
Q

Structural changes

associated with disease.

A

Pathological Anatomy

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11
Q

the sum of all the chemical

processes that occur in the body

A

Metabolism

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12
Q

is the breakdown of complex

chemical substances into simpler components

A

Catabolism

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13
Q

is the building up of complex
chemical substances from smaller, simpler
components

A

Anabolism

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14
Q

the condition of equilibrium

in the body’s internal environment.

A

Homeostasis

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15
Q

dilute, watery solutions
found both inside cells and surrounding
cells.

A

Body fluids

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16
Q

the fluid within

body cells

A

Intracellular fluid (intra- = inside), ICF

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17
Q

the fluid

outside body cells

A

Extracellular fluid (extra- = outside), ECF

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18
Q

ECF filling spaces between cells

A

Interstitial fluid

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19
Q

ECF within blood vessels

A

Blood plasma

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20
Q

ECF within lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph

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21
Q

ECF in and around

the brain and spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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22
Q

ECF in joints

A

Synovial fluid

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23
Q

two

different types of ECF within the eyes

A

Aqueous humor and Vitreous body

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24
Q

two control

systems of the body

A

– Nervous system, by means of nerve impulses

– Endocrine system, by means of hormones

– Operate mainly through negative feedback systems

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25
Q

Components of a

feedback system are

A

– Receptor
– Control center
– Effector

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26
Q

Most commonly used
feedback system

Reverses a change in a
controlled condition

A

Negative feedback system

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27
Q

Strengthens or reinforces a
change in one of the body’s
controlled conditions

Continues until interrupted by
some mechanism outside the
system

A

Positive feedback system

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28
Q

any abnormality of structure or

function

A

Disorder

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29
Q

more specific term for an illness
characterized by recognizable signs and
symptoms.

A

Disease (Local and Systemic)

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30
Q

objective changes that can be

observed and measured (such as swelling, rash, fever, high blood pressure)

A

Signs

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31
Q

subjective changes not apparent
to an observer (such as headache, nausea,
anxiety)

A

Symptoms

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32
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

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33
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

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34
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

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35
Q

Otic

A

Ear

36
Q

Orbital

A

Eye

37
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

38
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

39
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest

40
Q

Abdominal

A

Abdomen

41
Q

Pelvic

A

Pelvis

42
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

43
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

44
Q

Cubital

A

Elbow

45
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

46
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

47
Q

Metacarpal

A

Hand/Palm

48
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

49
Q

Coxal

A

Hips

50
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttock

51
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

52
Q

Patellar

A

Knee

53
Q

Crural

A

Leg

54
Q

Sural

A

Calf

55
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

56
Q

Digital or Phalangeal

A

Toes/Fingers

57
Q

Dorsum

A

Top of foot

58
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of foot

59
Q

Superior

A

Above, top, toward head

60
Q

Inferior

A

Below, bottom, away from head

61
Q

Anterior (Ventral)

A

Toward the front

62
Q

Posterior (Dorsal)

A

Toward the back

63
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

64
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

65
Q

Nearest to the origination

A

Proximal

66
Q

Farther from the origination

A

Distal

67
Q

Same side of the body

A

Ipsilateral

68
Q

Opposite side of the body

A

Contralateral

69
Q

Towards the surface

A

Superficial

70
Q

Towards the core of the body

A

Deep

71
Q

Covering over an organ

A

Visceral

72
Q

Covering against a cavity wall

A

Parietal

73
Q

Dorsal body

cavity comprises of

A

– Cranial cavity

– Vertebral canal

74
Q

Ventral body

cavity comprises of

A

– Thoracic cavity

– Abdominopelvic cavity

75
Q

cavity is subdivided into lateral plural cavities, and the mediastinum which contains the pericardial cavity (enclosing the heart), esophagus, trachea, etc.

A

Thoracic cavity

76
Q

Extends from
the diaphragm
to the groin

Divided into
two portions,
although no
structure
separates
them
A

Abdominopelvic cavity

– Abdominal cavity
– Pelvic cavity

77
Q

a membrane that lines a body cavity that does open to the exterior

A

mucous membrane

78
Q

a membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior

A

serous membrane

79
Q

The parts of the serous membrane are:

A
  • The visceral layer, next to the viscera
  • The parietal layer, lining the wall of the cavity

There is a cavity between the two membranes (layers) containing serous fluid which reduces friction during movement

80
Q

serous membrane of pleural cavities

A

Pleura

– Visceral pleura on surface of lungs
– Parietal pleura lines chest wall
– Pleural cavity between the two

81
Q

serous membrane of pericardial cavity

A

Pericardium

– Visceral pericardium covers surface of heart
– Parietal pericardium lines chest wall
– Pericardial cavity between the two

82
Q

serous membrane of abdominal

cavity

A

Peritoneum

– Visceral peritoneum covers the abdominal viscera
– Parietal peritoneum lines abdominal wall
– Peritoneal cavity between the two

83
Q

inflammation of the pleurae

A

Pleurisy

84
Q

inflammation of the peritonea

A

Peritonitis

85
Q

The organs that are located behind the parietal
peritoneum, between it and the posterior abdominal
wall.

A

Retroperitoneal

– Kidneys 
– Adrenal glands 
– Pancreas 
– Duodenum of the small intestine 
– Ascending and descending colons of the large intestine
86
Q

Abdominopelvic regions

Nine regions formed
by four lines

A

– Top horizontal line =
subcostal line

– Bottom horizontal line = transtubercular line

– Vertical lines = midclavicular lines

87
Q

Abdominopelvic quadrants

Four quadrants
formed by two
lines

A

– Vertical through
umbilicus

– Horizontal
through umbilicus

A&P 1 (1 decks)

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