Chapter 1 Organization of the Body Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of body structure
Dissect
To cut apart
Physiology
The study of how the body functions
Cells
The basic units of all life
Tissue
Specialized group of cells
Organ
Tissue function together to form it
Body system
Organs work together for the same general purpose to make this
Integumentary System
The skin with its associated structures
Skeletal System
The body’s basic framework
Muscular System
The muscle in this system are attached to the bones and produce movement of the skeleton
3 Systems that make to protect, support, and movement
Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular System
Nervous System
The brain, spinal cor, and nerves make up this complex system by which the body is controlled and coordinated
Endocrine System
The scattered organ grouped together to share a similar funcion
2 Systems that make up communication and control
Nervous and Endocrine System
Cardiovascular System
The heart and blood vessels make up the system that pumps blood to all body tissues, bringing with it nutrients, oxygen, and other needed substances
Lymphatic System
Lymphatic vessels assist in circulation by returning fluids from the tissues to the blood
2 Systems that make up circulation and immunity
Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System
Respiratory System
Includes the lungs and the passages leading to and from the lungs
Digestive System
This system is composed of all the organs that are involved with taking in nutrients, converting them into a form that body cells can use, and absorbing them into the circulation
Urinary system
To rid the body of waste products and excess water
Reproductive System
Includes the external sex organs and all related internal structures that are concerned with the production
4 Systems that take part in energy supply and fluid balance
Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive System
Homeostasis
Overall steady state within the organism
Extracellular Fluid
Carries nutrients to and from the cells, and transports some substances into and out of the cells
Intracellular Fluid
Contained inside the cells
Negative Feedback
A control system based on information returning to a source
Three components of negative feedback
- A sensor gathers information about a given body condition
- A control center compares the sensor inputs with the set point and sends a corrective signal if necessary
- An effector responds to the signal
Metabolism
All the life-sustaining reactions that occur within the body systems together
Catabolism
Complex substances are broken down into simpler compounds
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
The energy obtained from the catabolism of nutrients
Anabolism
Simple compounds are used to manufacture materials needed for growth, function, and tissue repair
