Chapter 1- Organization Of The Body Flashcards
Physiology
The function of the body in other words how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities
Anatomy
The structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
Tissues
Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function. the four basic types in the human body are at the epithelium, muscle connective and nervous tissue.
What are the 11 organ systems
Cardiovascular, integumentary, digestive urinary, reproductive skeletal muscular nervous endocrine lymphatic respiratory
What are the bodies levels of structural organization?
Chemical level – the simplest level. Blocks of matter combined to form molecules such as water and proteins.
Cellular level – the smallest units of living things.
Tissue level – tissues or groups of similar cells that have a common function. The four basic tissue types in the human body are epithelium, muscle, connective tissue, and nervous tissue.
Organ level –
Organ system level – organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose
What is the correct structural order for the following terms; tissue, organism, organ, cell?
Cell, tissue, organ, organism
Integumentary system
Forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury skin hair nails
Skeletal system
Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles used to cause movement.
joints and bones
blood cells are formed within bones
bones store minerals
Muscular system
Allows manipulation of the environment local motion and facial expression
Nervous system
The control system of the body it response to internal and external changes by activating muscles and glands. Brain, nerves, spinal cord
Endocrine system
Glenn secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells. Thyroid gland pituitary gland penial gland thymus, adrenal gland pancreas ovary testes.
Cardiovascular system
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste. The heart pumps blood.
Excretion
The process of removing waste. From the body
Lymphatic system
Pics of fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of degrees in the lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells involved in immunity
Respiratory system
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
Digestive
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
Urinary system
Eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.
Reproduction
Occurs at the cellular and organismal level
Receptor
A type of sensor that monitors the environment in response to changes, called stimuli, by sending information to the second component, the control center
The control center
Determines the set point, which is the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained.
Effector
Provides the means for the control center’s response to the stimulus, output.
Superior
Above, cranial. Toward the head end.
Inferior
Below. Away from the head end.
Ventral
Anterior, front of body
Dorsal
Posterior, behind the body
Medial
Mid line of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body. Arms are lateral to the chest. The outer side
Intermediate
Between a medial and lateral structure. The collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder
Proximal
The point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. The elbow is proximal to the wrist
Closer to the body
Distal
Farther away from the origin of a body part. The knee is distal to the thigh
Superficial- external
Toward or at the body surface. The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles
Deep- internal
Away from the body surface more internal the lungs are deep to the skin
Anatomical position
Body face forward in the thumbs point away from the body
Homeostasis
A dynamic state of equilibrium, or a balance, and which internal conditions very that always within relatively narrow limits
Sagittal plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Mid sagittal plane
A sagittal plane that lies directly from the midline of the body
Frontal plane
Lies vertically. Divides the body into anterior and posterior your parts. Also called a coronal plane
Traverse plane or horizontal plane
Cross section
Runs horizontally from right to left dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
