Chapter 1 - Organization of Matter Flashcards
What are the 3 things you need to know to accurately represent the Rutherford-Bohr atomic model?
- the atomic number of the element
- in which period of the periodic table the element is found
- in which group of the periodic table the element is found
What does the atomic number represent in the Rutherford-Bohr atomic model?
It indicates the total number of protons and electrons
What does the period number of the element represent in the Rutherford-Bohr atomic model?
The number of electron shells drawn around the nucleus
What does the group number of the element represent in the Rutherford-Bohr atomic model?
The number of electrons on the last electron shell
What are the steps to drawing a Rutherford-Bohr atomic model?
- Draw the nucleus
- Indicate the number of protons in the nucleus
- Draw the electron shells
- Draw the electrons on the electron shell
Based on the number of electrons on the last electron shell of an ion using the Rutherford-Bohr atomic model, what would I do if there were less than 4 valence electrons?
The last electron shell will lose all the electrons
Based on the number of electrons on the last electron shell of an ion using the Rutherford-Bohr atomic model, what would I do if there were more than 4 valence electrons?
The last electron shell will gain electrons to fill the electron shell completely
Based on the number of electrons on the last electron shell of an ion using the Rutherford-Bohr atomic model, what would I do if there were 4 valence electrons?
The last electron shell will either gain or lose electrons
Based on the number of electrons on the last electron shell of an ion using the Rutherford-Bohr atomic model, what would I do if there were 8 valence electrons?
It will stay the same
What are the steps to drawing an ion using the Rutherford-Bohr atomic model?
- Draw the nucleus
- Indicate the number of protons in the nucleus
- Draw the electron shells
- Draw the electrons on the electron shell
- Remove or add electrons from the last shell
How can ion be stable?
The last layer has to be full
What do you need to know to calculate the ionic charge of an element?
- the atomic number of the element
- in which group the element is in
Why do you need the atomic number of the element to calculate the ionic charge?
To indicate the number of protons and electrons
Why do you need the group in which the element is in to calculate the ionic charge?
To indicate the number of valence electrons
How many valence electrons are in group 1? What will happen to the elements in that group when becoming an ion? What will be the charge?
1- one valence electron
2- they will lose one electron
3- charge of +1
How many valence electrons are in group 2? What will happen to the elements in that group when becoming an ion? What will be the charge?
1- two valence electrons
2- they will lose two electrons
3- charge if 2+
How many valence electrons are in group 3? What will happen to the elements in that group when becoming an ion? What will be the charge?
1- three valence electrons
2- they will lose three electrons
3- charge of 3+
How many valence electrons are in group 4? What will happen to the elements in that group when becoming an ion? What will be the charge?
1- four valence electrons
2- they will lose or gain four electrons
3- charge of 4+ or 4-
How many valence electrons are in group 5? What will happen to the elements in that group when becoming an ion? What will be the charge?
1- five valence electrons
2- they will gain three electrons
3- charge of 3-
How many valence electrons are in group 6? What will happen to the elements in that group when becoming an ion? What will be the charge?
1- six valence electrons
2- they will gain two electrons
3- charge of 2-
How many valence electrons are in group 7? What will happen to the elements in that group when becoming an ion? What will be the charge?
1- seven valence electrons
2- they will gain 1 electron
3- charge of 1-
How many valence electrons are in group 8? What will happen to the elements in that group when becoming an ion?
1- eight valence electrons
2- they will not gain or lose electrons
What is an ion?
An atom that has lost or gained electrons to acquire stability
What do we need to know to represent an atom using the Lewis notation?
- the chemical symbol
- in which group the element is in
What are the steps to drawing an element using the Lewis notation?
1- Write the chemical symbol of the element
2- Draw the valence electrons around the chemical symbol
What does the group in which the element is in represent in the Lewis notation?
It represents the number of valence electrons
Is a period horizontal or vertical?
H = →→→ V= ↑ ↑ ↑
horizontal
Is a group horizontal or vertical?
H = →→→ V= ↑ ↑ ↑
vertical
