Chapter 1: Nutrition

Question 1

Protein is composed of ___ elements:

Answer 1

4

- Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (CHON)

Question 2

These four elements make up units called:

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

Protein is made up of a number of amino acids joined together by:

Answer 3

Peptide links to form chains

Question 4

These protein chains are broken….

Answer 4

Down during the digestion of food, freeing each amino acid so that it can be absorbed into the bloodstream to provide nourishment to the body

Question 5

RDA of protein is:

Answer 5

1g of protein to every kg of body weight

Question 6

Animal protein (HBV):

Answer 6

Eg 1. Meat, fish, milk

Eg 2. Eggs, cheese, yogurt

Question 7

Vegetable protein (LBV):

Answer 7

Eg 1. Peas, beans, lentils

Eg 2. Nuts, cereals

Question 8

Functions of Protein:

Answer 8

1) the growth of all body cells
2) the repair of all worn out or damaged cells
3) the production of hormones, enzymes and antibodies
- which are all required to keep the body healthy

Question 9

Fats are also called:

Answer 9

Lipids

• they are referred to as fats when they are solid at room temperature
• eg. Butter, lard

Question 10

They are ____ when they are liquid at room temperature

Answer 10

Oils

- eg. Corn oil, olive oil

Question 11

Fats contain ____ elements

Answer 11

3

- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (CHO)

Question 12

What are the the elements of fat made up of:

Answer 12

They are made up of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

- during digestion the glycerol is separated from the fatty acids

Question 13

Animal fat is:

Answer 13

Saturated fat

Question 14

Vegetable fat is:

Answer 14

Unsaturated fat

Question 15

Animal fat (sat fat):

Answer 15

Eg 1. Butter, lard, cheese

Eg 2. Meat, oily fish, eggs, cream

Question 16

Vegetable fat (unsat fat):

Answer 16

Eg 1. Cooking oils, margarine

Eg 2. Nuts, cereals

Question 17

Functions of fats:

Answer 17

1) production of heat and energy in the body
2) the protection of delicate organs
3) to delay hunger
4) to add flavour

Question 18

Carbohydrates come from:

Answer 18

Plants foods only

Question 19

Carbohydrates are made of ___ elements:

Answer 19

3

- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (CHO)

Question 20

These carbohydrate elements are organised into:

Answer 20

Simple sugar units

- eg. Glucose

Question 21

All carbohydrates are made up of one or more:

Answer 21

Sugar units

Question 22

Carbohydrates can be divided into ____ groups:

Answer 22

3

- sugar, starch, cellulose

Question 23

Sugar examples:

Answer 23

Eg. Cakes, jam, honey, biscuits, sugar, soft drinks

Question 24

Starch examples:

Answer 24

• potatoes, cereals, bread, nuts

Question 25

Cellulose examples:

Answer 25

- fruit, vegetables, cereals, seeds, nuts

Question 26

Functions of carbohydrates:

Answer 26

1) supplies the body with heat and energy 2) insulates the body and prevents heat loss 3) helps the digestion of food

Question 27

The body needs vitamins in:

Answer 27

Very small amounts

Question 28

Fat soluble vitamins:

Answer 28

- A, D, E, K

Question 29

Water soluble vitamins:

Answer 29

- B, C

Question 30

Vitamin A

Answer 30

- fat - oily fish, eggs - Good eyesight, growth - lack will cause retarded growth

Question 31

Vitamin D

Answer 31

- fat - oily fish, eggs - healthy bones, healthy teeth - lack will cause rickets, tooth decay

Question 32

Vitamin E

Answer 32

- fat - nuts, cereals, seeds - healthy skin - lack will cause nothing (rare)

Question 33

Vitamin K

Answer 33

- green vegetables, milk, cheese - normal blood clot - lack will cause in normal blood clot

Question 34

Vitamin B

Answer 34

- water - meat, fish, eggs, milk - controls the release of energy - healthy nervous system - lack can cause retarded growth, tiredness

Question 35

Vitamin C

Answer 35

- fruit, vegetables - general health, healthy gums - lack can cause scurvy

Question 36

Minerals are needed in:

Answer 36

Small amounts

Question 37

Minerals needed in small amounts are known as:

Answer 37

Trace minerals

Question 38

Minerals: calcium

Answer 38

``` Sources - milk, cheese,green vegetables Functions - healthy bones and teeth Deficiencies - rickets in children - osteoporosis - dental decay ```

Question 39

Minerals: phosphorous

Answer 39

``` Sources - most foods, cheese, oatmeal, eggs Functions - helps to form strong bones and teeth Deficiencies - unlikely because found in most foods ```

Question 40

Minerals: Iron

Answer 40

``` Sources - read meat, liver, kidneys Functions - to form haemoglobin in red blood cells Deficiencies - anaemia ```

Question 41

Minerals: iodine

Answer 41

Sources - sea fish, seaweed, vegetables grown near the sea Functions - produces thyroxine which helps control metabolism Deficiencies - goitre, abnormal metabolism

Question 42

Minerals: fluorine

Answer 42

``` Sources - water Functions - helps prevent tooth decay Deficiencies - tooth decay ```

Question 43

Minerals: sodium

Answer 43

Sources - all salty foods, bacon, peanuts, crackers Functions - found in all body fluids

Question 44

Osteoporosis

Answer 44

As you age your bones become thinner and become brittle

Question 45

Hypervitaminosis

Answer 45

When too much vitamin A and D build up in the body (very rare)

Question 46

Anaemia

Answer 46

- Results from shortage of iron | - symptoms include: tiredness, breathlessness, lack of energy, dizziness, headache

Question 47

1g of protein = 1g of carbohydrates = 1g of fat =

Answer 47

4 kcals 4 kcals 9 kcals

Question 48

The basic amount of energy is known as

Answer 48

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 49

Individual energy requirements:

Answer 49

- age - size - occupation - gender - pregnancy - climate

Question 50

Nutrition is the:

Answer 50

Nutrition is the study of food

Question 51

Macronutrients

Answer 51

Nutrients required in large amounts

Question 52

Micronutrients

Answer 52

Nutrients required in small amounts

Question 53

RDA

Answer 53

Recommended dietary allowance

Question 54

Normal body temperature

Answer 54

37*C