Chapter 1: Nutrition

Question 0

Chronic Disease

Answer 0

Diseases that come on slowly and can persist for years, often despite treatment.

Question 1

Nutrition

Answer 1

The Science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health

Question 2

Health

Answer 2

A multidimensional, lifelong process that includes physical, emotional, socail, occupational, and spiritual health.

Question 3

Undernutrition

Answer 3

A diet that lacks energy or specific essential nutrients.

Question 4

Essential Nutrients

Answer 4

Nutrients that must come from food or nutrient supplements because they are not manufactured by the body at all or in amounts sufficient to meet the body’s needs.

Question 5

Overnutrition

Answer 5

a diet that has an imbalance of fats, cabohydrates, and proteins or simply too much energy.

Question 6

Malnutrition

Answer 6

Any condition associated with under-or overnutrition

Question 7

Nutrients

Answer 7

Chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function.

Question 8

Organic

Answer 8

A substance or nutrient that contains the elements carbon and hydrogen.

Question 9

Macronutrients

Answer 9

Nutrients that our body needs in relatively large amounts to support normal function and health. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients.

Question 10

Carbohydrates

Answer 10

One of three macronutrients, a compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is derived from plants and provides energy.

Question 11

Fats

Answer 11

An important energy source for our body at rest and during low intensity exercise.

Question 12

Proteins

Answer 12

The only macronutrient that contains nitrogen; the basic building blocks of proteins are amino acids.

Question 13

What are the six groups of essential nutrients?

Answer 13

1) Carbohydrates
2) Fats
3) Proteins
4) Vitamins
5) Minerals
6) Water

Question 14

How many kcal and KJ does carbohydrates provide per gram?

Answer 14

17 KJ or 4 kcal

Question 15

How man KJ or kcal does protein provide per gram?

Answer 15

17 KJ or 4 kcal

Question 16

How many KJ or kcal does fat provide per gram?

Answer 16

37 KJ or 9 kcal

Question 17

Micronutrients

Answer 17

Nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body function. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients.

Question 18

Vitamins

Answer 18

Organic compounds that assist in regulating body processes.

Question 19

Metabolism

Answer 19

The process by which large molecules, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, are broken down via chemical reactions into smaller molecules that can be used as fuel, stored, or assembled into new compounds the body needs.

Question 20

Fat-soluble Vitamins

Answer 20

Vitamins that are not soluble in water but are soluble in fat. These include vitamins A, D, E and K.

Question 21

Water-soluble Vitamins

Answer 21

Vitamins that are soluble in water. These include vitamin C and the B-vitamins.

Question 22

Minerals

Answer 22

Inorganic substances that are not broken down during digestion and absorption and are not destroyed by heat or light. Minerals assist in the regulation of many body processes and are classified as major minerals or trace minerals.

Question 23

Major Minerals

Answer 23

Minerals that must be consumed in amounts of 100 mg/day or more and that are present in the body at the level of 5 g or more.

Question 24

Trace Minerals

Answer 24

Minerals that must be consumed in amounts less than 100 mg/day and that are present in the body at the level of less than 5 g.

Question 25

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Answer 25

A set of nutritional reference values for the United States and Canada that applies to health people.

Question 26

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Answer 26

The average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group.

Question 27

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Answer 27

The average daily nutrient intake level that meets the nutrient requirements of 97%-98% of health individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Question 28

Adequate Intake (AI)

Answer 28

A recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people.

Question 29

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Answer 29

The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Question 30

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Answer 30

The average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a health adult.

Question 31

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Answer 31

The range of macronutrient intakes that provides adequate levels of essential nutrients and is associated with a reduced risk for chronic disease

Question 32

Hypothesis

Answer 32

An educated guess as to why a phenomenon occurs.

Question 33

Theory

Answer 33

A conclusion drawn from repeated experiments.

Question 34

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Answer 34

The world’s leading medical centre and the focal point for medical research in the United States.

Question 35

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer 35

The leading federal agency in the United States that protects the health and safety of people. Its mission is to promote health ad quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability.

Question 36

What are the functions of minterals?

Answer 36

• assist in fluid regulation
• energy production
• produce health bones and blood
• help rid our body of the harmful by-products of metabolism.

Question 37

What is the purpose of vitamins in our body?

Answer 37

vitamins assist with releasing and using energy in carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

• critical in building and maintaining healthy bone, muscle and blood
• support our immune system

Question 38

Carbohydrates are a primary __________?

Answer 38

Fuel Source

Question 39

Fats provide ________and other ___________

Answer 39

• Energy
• Essential Nutrients
• fats yield more energy than both carbohydrates and proteins

Question 40

Proteins support __________?

Answer 40

-Tissue growth, repair, and maintenance.

Question 41

RECAP

Answer 41

The six essential nutrient groups found in foods are carbohydrates, fat, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients. Often referred to as energy nutrients, they provide our body with energy. Carbohydrates and fats are our main energy sources, proteins primarily support tissue growth, repair, and amintenance. Vitamins are organic compounds that assist in breaking down the macronutrients for energy and in maintaing many other functions. Minerals are inorganic units of matter that play critical roles in virtually all aspects of human health and function. Water is critical for our survival and is important for regulating nervous impulses, muscle contractions, nutrient transport, and the excreation of waste products.

Question 42

Water

Answer 42

• Inorganic
• adequate water intake ensures the proper balance of fluid both inside and outside the cell.
• assists regulation of nerve impulses of nerve impulses, muscle contractions, nutrient transport, and the excretion of waste products.

Question 43

Dietary reference intakes

Answer 43

-only apply to healthy people

establish and upper level of safety for nutrient intake

Question 44

What are the four values for DRIs

Answer 44

• estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
• Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
• Adequate Intake (AI)
• Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)