Chapter 1 Notes

Question 1

An image may be defined as a two-dimensional function, f(x, y), where x and y are called what?

Answer 1

spatial (plane) coordinates

Question 2

An image may be defined as a two-dimensional function, f(x, y), where the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates (x, y) is called what?

Answer 2

intensity or gray level

Question 3

When x, y, and the intensity values of f are all finite, discrete quantities, we call the image what?

Answer 3

a digital image

Question 4

A digital image is composed of what elements?

Answer 4

• picture elements
• image elements
• pels
• pixels

Question 5

____ is the term used most widely to denote the elements of a digital image.

Answer 5

Pixel

Question 6

Imaging machines cover almost the entire EM spectrum, ranging from _____ to _____ waves.

Answer 6

gamma to radio

Question 7

______ processes involve primitive operations such as image preprocessing to reduce noise, contrast enhancement, and image sharpening.

Answer 7

Low-level

Question 8

Low-level processes involve primitive operations such as image preprocessing to _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 8

reduce noise
contrast enhancement
image sharpening

Question 9

A _____ process is characterized by the fact that both its inputs and outputs are images.

Answer 9

low-level

Question 10

A low-level process is characterized by the fact that both its inputs and outputs are _____.

Answer 10

images

Question 11

_____ processing of images involves tasks such as segmentation (partitioning an image into regions or objects), description of those objects to reduce them to a form suitable for computer processing, and classification (recognition) of individual objects.

Answer 11

Mid-level

Question 12

Mid-level processing of images involves tasks such as ______, _____, and ______.

Answer 12

• segmentation (partitioning an image into regions or objects)
• description of those objects to reduce them to a form suitable for computer processing
• classification (recognition) of individual objects

Question 13

A _____ process is characterized by the fact that its inputs generally are images, but its outputs are attributes extracted from those images (e.g., edges, contours, and the identity of individual objects).

Answer 13

mid-level

Question 14

____ processing involves “making sense” of an ensemble of recognized objects, as in image analysis, and, at the far end of the continuum, performing the cognitive functions normally associated with human vision.

Answer 14

higher-level