Chapter 1 - Nomenclature

Question 1

What is the first step to naming an organic molecule?

Answer 1

Identify the parent chain using length and functional groups.

Question 2

What is the second step to naming an organic molecule?

Answer 2

Number the chain.

Question 3

What is the third step to naming an organic molecule?

Answer 3

Name the substituents.

Question 4

Carbon chain substituents suffix

Answer 4

replace -ane with -yl

Question 5

What are the qualifiers for carbon chain substituents?

Answer 5

n- (normal), t-(t shaped), iso- (split chain, open mouth), sec- (results in a secondary alcohol).

Question 6

What is the fourth step to naming an organic molecule?

Answer 6

Assign a number to each substituent.

Question 7

What do you ignore when alphabetizing?

Answer 7

prefixes, n-, and tert-

Question 8

What do you include when alphabetizing?

Answer 8

iso-, neo-, and cyclo-

Question 9

What is the fifth step of naming an organic molecule?

Answer 9

Alphabetize what you have and put it together.

Question 10

What are the fundamental characteristics of alkanes?

Answer 10

Simple hydrocarbon molecules with formula CnH(2n+2)

Question 11

How do you name halogen substituents?

Answer 11

replace -ide with o-. ex. fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-

Question 12

What are the fundamental characteristics of alkenes and alkynes?

Answer 12

Hydrocarbons with double and triple bond respectively. They are named -ene and -yne.

Question 13

What are the fundamental characteristics of alcohols?

Answer 13

Carbon bound to an -OH group. Parent chains are named -ol, substituents are named hydroxy-

Question 14

What are geminal diols (hydrates) and vicinal diols?

Answer 14

A geminal diol (hydrate) is two alcohols on the same carbon. A vicinal diol is two adjacent alcohols (vicinity).

Question 15

What are the fundamental characteristics of aldehydes?

Answer 15

Carbonyl group on the end of a chain. These are named by replacing the -e of the alkane with -al. Substituents are named oxo-

Question 16

What do you call the common name aldehydes?

Answer 16

Formaldehyde (methanal), acetaldehyde (ethanal), propionaldehyde (propanal).

Question 17

What are the fundamental characteristics of ketones?

Answer 17

Carbonyl group anywhere but the end of a chain. Replace -ane with -one. Substituent keto groups are named oxo- or keto-.

Question 18

What do you call the common name ketone?

Answer 18

Acetone (propanone) or alphabetical alkyl groups followed by ketone.

Question 19

How does one use the greek naming conventions?

Answer 19

alpha indicates adjacent carbon. beta is the next carbon, followed by gamma, and finally delta.

Question 20

What are the fundamental characteristics of Carboxylic Acids?

Answer 20

Both a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group on a terminal carbon. Replace -e in alkane with -oic acid.

Question 21

What are the common names of carboxylic acids?

Answer 21

Formic acid (methanoic acid), acetic acid (ethaoic acid) and propionic acid (propanoic acid).

Question 22

What are the Carboxylic acid derivatives?

Answer 22

Esters, Amids, and anhydrides.

Question 23

What are the fundamental characteristics of Esters?

Answer 23

A carbonyl and a alkoxy (-OR) group. Name by describing the alkyl name of the esterifying group and then the parent acid with -oate instead of -oic acid.

Question 24

What are the fundamental characteristics of Amides?

Answer 24

A carbonyl and an amino group. Named by describing alkyl name of amino group and parent acid replaced with -amide.

Question 25

How do you name alkyl groups that are attached to a Nitrogen?

Answer 25

N-alkyl name.